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Tulpa (Tibetan: སྤྲུལ་པ, Wylie: sprul-pa; Sanskrit: निर्मित nirmita[1] and निर्माण nirmāṇa;[2] "to build" or "to construct") also translated as "magical emanation",[3] "conjured thing"[4] and "phantom"[5] is a concept in mysticism of a being or object which is created through sheer spiritual or mental discipline alone.
The modern iteration of the phenomenon generally approaches the concept differently, treating tulpas as permanent every-day companions, created to accompany hosts in their daily life. The modern approach allows tulpas to be treated in a manner similar to people, rather than as meditative tools. The usage of tulpas for self-improvement remains common despite this, and the longer lifespan and more social nature of modern tulpas allow them to be used as tools for fighting problems such as social phobia and chronic depression.
Tulpas can be likened to imaginary friends that are capable of independent thought. The distinguishing factor that separates a tulpa from an imaginary friend, is the way in which the host experiences no sense of agency or sense of ownership over the thoughts and actions of the tulpa. More advanced tulpas can manifest as mind-voices in the head of the host, or even vivid hallucinations that can affect one or more of the host's senses.
In recent years, a subculture has formed online who create hallucinations or imaginary friends which they call tulpas. Most of these people do not believe that there is anything supernatural about tulpas. A number of web sites explain the methods people use to create tulpas of this sort.[6][7][8] It is worth noting that these communities which describe techniques and results pertaining to the creation and experience of this phenomena are extremely consistent in their information and terminologies.
These subcultures tend to define the word tulpa as a mental construct designed to appear as an autonomous entity which with training, can consistently appear to the practitioner without the usage of hallucinogens. Well-developed tulpas are often reported to be able to appear to their hosts as separate conscious entities living within their brains, capable of independent thoughts, actions, memories, and feelings. However, the exact nature of what a tulpa is, and the mechanisms on which it acts, remain subjects of speculation within the tulpa community. Currently, there exists one unpublished, ongoing academic study of the modern tulpa phenomenon, researched by Samuel Veissière, PhD of McGill University.[9] There is currently no information available regarding any actual publication of tulpa-related scientific literature.
This article will attempt to break down the field of tulpaemancy into specific subcategories and provie comprehensive sets of informtation regarding all facets of this new and emerging field of psychonautics.
See also
References
- ↑ Dorje, Garab (1996). The Golden Letters: The Three Statements of Garab Dorje, the First Teacher of Dzogchen, Together with a Commentary by. Snow Lion Publications. p. 350. ISBN 978-1-55939-050-7.
- ↑ Rinbochay, Lati; Rinbochay, Denma Lochö; Zahler, Leah (translator); & Hopkins, Jeffrey (translator) (1983, 1997). Meditative States in Tibetan Buddhism. Somerville, Mass.: Wisdom Publications. ISBN 0-86171-119-X. p.188.
- ↑ DeWitt Garson, Nathaniel. Penetrating the Secret Essence Tantra: Context and Philosophy in the Mahayoga System of rNying-ma Tantra
- ↑ David V. Fiordalis, Miracles and Superhuman Powers in South Asian Buddhist Literature
- ↑ Ulrich Timme K RAGH, All Mind, No Text – All Text, No Mind Tracing Yogācāra in the Early Bka' brgyud Literature of Dags po
- ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/15/opinion/luhrmann-conjuring-up-our-own-gods.html?_r=0 | Conjuring Up Our Own Gods (New York Times)
- ↑ http://www.vice.com/en_uk/read/tulpamancy-internet-subculture-892 | Meet the 'Tulpamancers': The Internet's Newest Subculture Is Incredibly Weird (Vice)
- ↑ http://somatosphere.net/2015/04/varieties-of-tulpa-experiences-sentient-imaginary-friends-embodied-joint-attention-and-hypnotic-sociality-in-a-wired-world.html | Varieties of Tulpa Experiences: Sentient Imaginary Friends, Embodied Joint Attention, and Hypnotic Sociality in a Wired World (somatosphere)
- ↑ http://www.academia.edu/8124455/Talking_to_Tulpas_Sentient_Imaginary_Friends_the_Social_Mind_and_Implications_for_Culture_Cognition_and_Mental_Health_Research