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List of bufotoxins: Difference between revisions

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>David Hedlund
==External links== * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bufotoxin Bufotoxin (Wikipedia)]
>David Hedlund
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_poisonous_animals List of poisonous animals (Wikipedia)]
 
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{{headerpanel|{{Template:Warning/Bufo secretions}}}}
{{headerpanel|{{Template:Warning/Bufo secretions}}}}


Toads known to secrete bufotoxins include the following:<ref name="5-Hydroxytryptamine and Related Indolealkylamines">{{cite book|title=5-Hydroxytryptamine and Related Indolealkylamines|date=2013|publisher=Springer Berlin|location=Berlin|isbn=978-3642854699}}</ref>
==Species==
* Colorado River toad (''Incilius alvarius'')
Toads known to secrete bufotoxins.<ref name="5-Hydroxytryptamine and Related Indolealkylamines">{{cite book|title=5-Hydroxytryptamine and Related Indolealkylamines|date=2013|publisher=Springer Berlin|location=Berlin|isbn=978-3642854699}}</ref>
* ''Rhinella arenarum''
 
* ''Rhinella diptycha''
===Toads frequently "milked"===
* ''Nannophryne variegata''
Despite being a frequent target for milking, these toads still carry cardio toxic bufotoxins which have been linked to deaths.
 
* [[5-HO-DMT]] (bufotenin)
** ''[[Colorado River toad|Incilius alvarius]]'' (formerly ''Bufo alvarius'')<ref name="5-Hydroxytryptamine and Related Indolealkylamines" />
** ''[[Rhinella arenarum]]''<!-- "Bufo arenarum" in the reference --><ref name="5-Hydroxytryptamine and Related Indolealkylamines" />
** ''[[Rhinella diptycha]]''<!-- "Bufo paracnemis" in the reference --><ref name="5-Hydroxytryptamine and Related Indolealkylamines" />
** ''[[Nannophryne variegata]]''<!-- "Bufo variegatus" in the reference --><ref name="5-Hydroxytryptamine and Related Indolealkylamines" />
** ''[[Melanophryniscus moreirae]]''<!-- "Melanophryniscus moreiare" (typo) in the reference --><ref name="5-Hydroxytryptamine and Related Indolealkylamines" />
** ''[[Agile frog|Rana dalmativa]]''<ref name="5-Hydroxytryptamine and Related Indolealkylamines" />
* [[5-MeO-DMT]]
** ''[[Colorado River toad|Incilius alvarius]]'' (formerly ''Bufo alvarius'')<!-- "Bufo alvarius" in the reference --><ref name="5-Hydroxytryptamine and Related Indolealkylamines" />
 
===Other toads===
The effects of the bufotoxins in these toads are not well understood.
 
*''[[American toad|Anaxyrus americanus]]''
*''[[Bufo bufo]]''
*''[[Bufo melanostictus]]''
*''[[Cane toad|Rhinella marina]]'' (formerly ''Bufo marinus'')


==External links==
==External links==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bufotoxin Bufotoxin (Wikipedia)]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bufotoxin Bufotoxin (Wikipedia)]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_poisonous_animals List of poisonous animals (Wikipedia)]


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Substance-related lists]]
[[Category:Substance-related lists]]
{{#set:Featured=true}}

Latest revision as of 12:04, 15 May 2024

Some bufo secretions are toxic

The toxic substances found in toads can be divided by chemical structure in two groups:

  1. bufadienolides, which are cardiac glycosides (e.g., bufotalin, bufogenin)
  2. tryptamine-related substances (e.g., bufotenin)
Ingestion of digoxin-like cardiac glycosides can be fatal. Ingestion of Bufo toad poison and eggs by humans has resulted in several reported cases of poisoning,[1][2][3] some of which resulted in death. A court case in Spain, involving a physician who dosed people with smoked Mexican Toad poison, one of his customers died after inhaling three doses, instead of the usual of only one, had images of intoxicated with this smoke suffering obvious hypocalcemic hand muscular spasms.[3][4][5]

Species

Toads known to secrete bufotoxins.[6]

Toads frequently "milked"

Despite being a frequent target for milking, these toads still carry cardio toxic bufotoxins which have been linked to deaths.

Other toads

The effects of the bufotoxins in these toads are not well understood.

References

  1. ↑ Hitt M, Ettinger DD (June 1986). "Toad toxicity". The New England Journal of Medicine. 314 (23): 1517–1518. doi:10.1056/NEJM198606053142320. PMID 3702971. 
  2. ↑ Ragonesi DL (1990). "The boy who was all hopped up". Contemporary Pediatrics. 7: 91–4. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Brubacher JR, Ravikumar PR, Bania T, Heller MB, Hoffman RS (November 1996). "Treatment of toad toxin poisoning with digoxin-specific Fab fragments". Chest. 110 (5): 1282–1288. doi:10.1378/chest.110.5.1282. PMID 8915235. 
  4. ↑ Gowda RM, Cohen RA, Khan IA (April 2003). "Toad venom poisoning: resemblance to digoxin toxicity and therapeutic implications". Heart. 89 (4): 14e–14. doi:10.1136/heart.89.4.e14. PMC 1769273 Freely accessible. PMID 12639891. 
  5. ↑ Lever, Christopher (2001). The Cane Toad: The History and Ecology of a Successful Colonist. Westbury Academic & Scientific Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84103-006-7. 


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