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{|
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| ''[[MiPT/Summary|Summary sheet: MiPT]]''
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'''MiPT''' (also known as '''4-hydroxy-dipropyltryptamine''') is a [[hallucinogen]]ic [[psychoactive class::psychedelic]] drug of the [[chemical class::tryptamine]] class.


Alexander Shulgin first synthesized MiPT and documented it in his book [[TiHKAL]] (''Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved''). It is the methyl analog of [[DiPT]].<ref>https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal17.shtml Entry in TIHKAL</ref>
'''N-Methyl-N-isopropyltryptamine''' (also known as '''MiPT''') is a lesser-known [[psychoactive class::psychedelic]] substance of the [[chemical class::tryptamine]] class. It is structurally related to [[DMT]], along with other analogs such as [[DiPT]], [[MPT]], and [[MET]].


Today it is either used recreationally or as an [[entheogen]]ic compound and is typically acquired through the use of online [[research chemical]] vendors. It remains relatively uncommon even for a substituted tryptamine and has very little history of human usage.
MiPT was first synthesized and investigated by [[Alexander Shulgin]] and described in his book [[TiHKAL]] ("Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved"). In the commentary, Shulgin notes that "there is almost a total lack of visual phenomena... no wave-forms, color distortion or object shape changes, and no eyes-closed imagery, unlike most N,N-disubstituted tryptamines."<ref name="TiHKAL">{{cite book|title=TiHKAL: The Continuation|title-link=TiHKAL|last1=Shulgin|first1=Alexander|last2=Shulgin|first2=Ann|author-link1=Alexander Shulgin|year=1997|publisher=Transform Press|location=United States|isbn=0-9630096-9-9|oclc=38503252|chapter-url=https://erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal47.shtml|chapter=#47. MIPT}}</ref>
 
Subjective effects include hallucinatory states, [[time distortion]], [[conceptual thinking]], [[euphoria]], and [[ego loss]]. Its effects are generally described as mild, indistinct, and highly variable between users. In contrast to many related tryptamines, it is able to be taken [[orally]].
 
Today, MiPT remains relatively uncommon and is either used as a recreational or an [[entheogenic]] substance. It has been distributed online as a [[research chemical]]. Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of MiPT in humans, and it has little history of human usage.  


==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
{{chemistry}}
MiPT, or N-methyl-N-isopropyltryptamine, is a synthetic indole molecule of the [[tryptamine]] class. Tryptamines share a core structure that comprises a bicyclic indole heterocycle attached at R3 to an amino group via an ethyl side chain. Unlike [[DMT]], which contains two methyl groups, MiPT contains groups of one methyl and one isopropyl carbon chains bound to the terminal amine RN of its tryptamine backbone. MiPT is the methyl analog of [[DiPT]].


==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
{{Main|Serotonergic psychedelic}}
{{Further|Serotonergic psychedelic}}
Like with most [[psychedelic]] tryptamines, MiPT is thought to act principally as a [[Serotonin#The_5-HT_system|5-HT<sub>2A</sub>]] [[Agonist#Agonists|partial agonist]]. The psychedelic effects are believed to come from MiPT's binding efficacy at the 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptors.  
Like with most [[psychedelic]] tryptamines, MiPT is thought to act principally as a [[Serotonin#The_5-HT_system|5-HT<sub>2A</sub>]] [[Agonist#Agonists|partial agonist]]. The psychedelic effects are believed to come from MiPT's binding efficacy at the 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptors.  


However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the psychedelic experience continues to remain elusive.
However, the role of these interactions and how it results in the psychedelic experience continues to remain elusive.


==Subjective effects==
==Subjective effects==
{{effectStub}}
The sensory effects of MiPT are said to be similar to those of DiPT but with less intensity at the same dose, and without the same bias towards producing auditory distortions.
The effects listed below are based upon the [[subjective effects index]] and personal experiences of [[PsychonautWiki]] [[Special:TopUsers|contributors]]. The listed effects will rarely (if ever) occur all at once, but heavier dosages will increase the chances and are more likely to induce a full range of effects.
 
===Physical effects===
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous tactile sensations]]'''
 
*'''[[Effect::Bodily control enhancement]]'''
{{effects/base
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''
 
|{{effects/physical|
 
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous physical sensations]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''{{citation needed}}
*'''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]'''{{citation needed}}
*'''[[Effect::Nausea]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Nausea]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dry mouth]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Pupil dilation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Pupil dilation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Teeth grinding]]'''


===Cognitive effects===
}}
*'''[[Effect::Conceptual thinking]]'''
{{effects/visual|
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Delusions]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Emotion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Memory suppression]]'''
**'''[[Effect::Ego death]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Novelty enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Personal bias suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought loops]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Unity and interconnectedness]]'''


===Visual effects===
====Enhancements====
====Enhancements====
*'''[[Effect::Colour enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Colour enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Pattern recognition enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Pattern recognition enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Visual acuity enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Visual acuity enhancement]]'''
====Suppressions====
*'''[[Effect::Visual acuity suppression]]'''


====Distortions====
====Distortions====
*'''[[Effect::Drifting]]''' ''([[Drifting#Melting|melting]], [[Drifting#Breathing|breathing]], [[Drifting#Morphing|morphing]] and [[Drifting#Flowing|flowing]])''
*'''[[Effect::Drifting]]''' ''([[Drifting#Melting|melting]], [[Drifting#Breathing|breathing]], [[Drifting#Morphing|morphing]] and [[Drifting#Flowing|flowing]])''
*'''[[Effect::Colour shifting]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Colour shifting]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Depth perception distortions]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Perspective distortions]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Symmetrical texture repetition]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Tracers]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Tracers]]'''
*'''[[Effect::After images]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Brightness alteration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Brightness alteration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Diffraction]]'''


===[[Effect::Geometry]]===
}}
|{{effects/cognitive|


====Hallucinatory states====
The cognitive effects of MiPT are reported to be mild for a psychedelic. Rather than producing distinct perceptual distortions, it is reported instead to act as a mild sensory amplifier.
*'''[[Effect::Internal hallucinations]]''' (''[[effect::autonomous entities]]''; ''[[effect::settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]''; ''[[effect::alterations in perspective]]'' and ''[[effect::scenarios and plots]]'')


===Auditory effects===
*'''[[Effect::Conceptual thinking]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Auditory enhancement|Enhancements]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought connectivity]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Emotion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Creativity enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased sense of humor]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Memory suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Novelty enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Personal bias suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''
 
}}
{{effects/auditory|
 
*'''[[Effect::Auditory enhancement|Enhancements]]''' - MiPT has been reported to notably enhance auditory sensation, which stands in contrast to the relatively weak visual changes it produces.
*'''[[Effect::Auditory distortion|Distortions]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Auditory distortion|Distortions]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Auditory hallucinations|Hallucinations]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Auditory hallucinations|Hallucinations]]'''
}}
}}
===Experience reports===
Anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]] include:
{{#ask: [[Category:MiPT]][[Category:Experience]]|format=ul|Columns=1}}
Additional experience reports can be found here:
*[https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_MIPT.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: MiPT]


==Toxicity and harm potential==
==Toxicity and harm potential==
{|  
{{further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential|Responsible use #Hallucinogens}}
|-
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational MiPT use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact [[Toxicity::toxic dose is unknown]]. This is because MiPT is a [[research chemical]] with very little history of human usage.  
| [[File:Lolol.png|17px]]''Main articles: [[Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential|Research chemicals § Toxicity and harm potential]]'' ''&'' ''[[Responsible use #Hallucinogens|Responsible use § Hallucinogens]]''
 
|}
Anecdotal evidence from those who have tried MiPT suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the drug by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.  
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational MiPT use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact [[Toxicity::toxic dose is unknown]]. This is because MiPT is a [[research chemical]] with very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people within the psychonaut community who have tried MiPT suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the drug by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.  


It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.
As with many psychedelics, the use of MiPT has the potential to bring about long-lasting perceptual and psychological alterations. MiPT, in particular, is known to chronically alter the perception of sound and talking, which may not be suitable for everyone.


===Tolerance and addiction potential===
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
MiPT is [[Addiction potential::not habit-forming]] and the desire to use it can actually decrease with regular consumption. Like with most [[psychedelics]] it is most often thought to be self-regulating.  
MiPT is [[Addiction potential::not habit-forming]] and the desire to use it can actually decrease with regular consumption. Like with most [[psychedelics]], it is most often thought to be self-regulating.  


Tolerance to the effects of MiPT are built [[Time to full tolerance::almost immediately after ingestion]]. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::7 days]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). MiPT presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[psychedelic]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of MiPT all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.
Tolerance to the effects of MiPT is built [[Time to full tolerance::almost immediately after ingestion]]. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::7 days]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). MiPT presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[psychedelic]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of MiPT all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.


==Legal issues==
==Legal status==
Due to its relative obscurity, the possession and sale of MiPT is unscheduled in most countries.  
Due to its relative obscurity, the possession and sale of MiPT is unscheduled in most countries.  


*'''United Kingdom''' - It is illegal to produce, supply, or import this drug under the Psychoactive Substance Act, which came into effect on May 26th, 2016.<ref>Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 (Legislation.gov.uk) | http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2016/2/contents/enacted</ref>
*'''Germany''': MiPT is controlled under the NpSG (''New Psychoactive Substances Act'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/anlage.html|title=Anlage NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz [Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of July 18, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl119s1083.pdf|title=Verordnung zur Änderung der Anlage des Neue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetzes und von Anlagen des Betäubungsmittelgesetzes|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|work=Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2019 Teil I Nr. 27|pages=1083-1094|publication-date=July 17, 2019|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref> Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not penalized.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__4.html|title=§ 4 NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz [Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref>
*'''Sweden''': Sweden's public health agency suggested classifying MiPT as a hazardous substance, on May 15, 2019.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/nyheter-och-press/nyhetsarkiv/2019/maj/folkhalsomyndigheten-foreslar-att-20-amnen-klassas-som-narkotika-eller-halsofarlig-vara/ | title=Folkhälsomyndigheten föreslår att 20 ämnen klassas som narkotika eller hälsofarlig vara | publisher=Folkhälsomyndigheten [Public Health Agency]| language=sv | publication-date=May 15, 2019 }}</ref>
*'''Switzerland''': MiPT is not controlled under Buchstabe A, B, C and D. It could be considered legal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>
*'''United Kingdom''': MiPT is a Class A controlled substance in the United Kingdom as a result of the tryptamine catch-all clause.<ref>{{cite web|title=Part I: Class A Drugs|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1971/38/schedule/2/part/I|work="Misuse of Drugs Act 1971"|access-date=January 7, 2020|publisher=UK Government}}</ref>
*'''United States''': MiPT is considered a schedule 1 controlled substance as a positional isomer of Diethyltryptamine (DET). MiPT is specifically mentioned by name in the DEA Orange Book<ref>{{cite web|title=Orange Book - List of Controlled Substances and Regulated Chemicals|url=https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/schedules/orangebook/orangebook.pdf|access-date=September 17, 2023|publisher=Drug Enforcement Adminitration}}</ref>, which lists all the controlled substances and other regulated chemicals in the US.


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Research chemical]]
*[[Research chemical]]
*[[Psychedelic]]
*[[Tryptamine]]
*[[4-HO-MiPT]]
*[[4-HO-MiPT]]
*[[4-AcO-MiPT]]
*[[5-MeO-MiPT]]
*[[5-MeO-MiPT]]
*[[Tryptamine]]


==External links==
==External links==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylisopropyltryptamine MiPT (Wikipedia)]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylisopropyltryptamine MiPT (Wikipedia)]
*[https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/mipt/mipt.shtml MiPT (Erowid)]
*[https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/mipt/mipt.shtml MiPT (Erowid Vault)]
*[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal47.shtml MiPT (TiHKAL)]
*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/read.php?domain=tk&id=47 MiPT (TiHKAL / Isomer Design)]
*[http://drugs.tripsit.me/mipt MiPT (TripSit)]
 
===Discussion===
 
*[https://www.bluelight.org/xf/threads/323760 The Big & Dandy MiPT Thread (Bluelight)]


==References==
==References==
<references/>
{{references}}
<references />
 
[[Category:Substance]]
[[Category:Substance]]
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Hallucinogen]]
[[Category:Psychedelic]]
[[Category:Psychedelic]]
[[Category:Tryptamine]]
[[Category:Tryptamine]]
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Research chemical]]
 
{{#set:Featured=true}}
{{#set:Featured=true}}

Latest revision as of 22:54, 17 September 2023

Summary sheet: MiPT
MiPT
Chemical Nomenclature
Common names MiPT
Substitutive name N-Methyl-N-isopropyltryptamine
Systematic name N-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-N-methylpropan-2-amine
Class Membership
Psychoactive class Psychedelic
Chemical class Tryptamine
Routes of Administration

WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.



Oral
Dosage
Common 10 - 25 mg
Strong 25 - 75 mg
Heavy 75 - 200 mg
Duration
Total 3 - 8 hours









DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.

Interactions


N-Methyl-N-isopropyltryptamine (also known as MiPT) is a lesser-known psychedelic substance of the tryptamine class. It is structurally related to DMT, along with other analogs such as DiPT, MPT, and MET.

MiPT was first synthesized and investigated by Alexander Shulgin and described in his book TiHKAL ("Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved"). In the commentary, Shulgin notes that "there is almost a total lack of visual phenomena... no wave-forms, color distortion or object shape changes, and no eyes-closed imagery, unlike most N,N-disubstituted tryptamines."[1]

Subjective effects include hallucinatory states, time distortion, conceptual thinking, euphoria, and ego loss. Its effects are generally described as mild, indistinct, and highly variable between users. In contrast to many related tryptamines, it is able to be taken orally.

Today, MiPT remains relatively uncommon and is either used as a recreational or an entheogenic substance. It has been distributed online as a research chemical. Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of MiPT in humans, and it has little history of human usage.

Chemistry

MiPT, or N-methyl-N-isopropyltryptamine, is a synthetic indole molecule of the tryptamine class. Tryptamines share a core structure that comprises a bicyclic indole heterocycle attached at R3 to an amino group via an ethyl side chain. Unlike DMT, which contains two methyl groups, MiPT contains groups of one methyl and one isopropyl carbon chains bound to the terminal amine RN of its tryptamine backbone. MiPT is the methyl analog of DiPT.

Pharmacology

Further information: Serotonergic psychedelic

Like with most psychedelic tryptamines, MiPT is thought to act principally as a 5-HT2A partial agonist. The psychedelic effects are believed to come from MiPT's binding efficacy at the 5-HT2A receptors.

However, the role of these interactions and how it results in the psychedelic experience continues to remain elusive.

Subjective effects

The sensory effects of MiPT are said to be similar to those of DiPT but with less intensity at the same dose, and without the same bias towards producing auditory distortions.

Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWiki contributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.

It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.


Cognitive effects

Auditory effects

Experience reports

Anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our experience index include:

Additional experience reports can be found here:

Toxicity and harm potential

The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational MiPT use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dose is unknown. This is because MiPT is a research chemical with very little history of human usage.

Anecdotal evidence from those who have tried MiPT suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the drug by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.

It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this drug.

As with many psychedelics, the use of MiPT has the potential to bring about long-lasting perceptual and psychological alterations. MiPT, in particular, is known to chronically alter the perception of sound and talking, which may not be suitable for everyone.

Tolerance and addiction potential

MiPT is not habit-forming and the desire to use it can actually decrease with regular consumption. Like with most psychedelics, it is most often thought to be self-regulating.

Tolerance to the effects of MiPT is built almost immediately after ingestion. After that, it takes about 3 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 7 days to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). MiPT presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all psychedelics]], meaning that after the consumption of MiPT all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.

Due to its relative obscurity, the possession and sale of MiPT is unscheduled in most countries.

  • Germany: MiPT is controlled under the NpSG (New Psychoactive Substances Act)[2] as of July 18, 2019.[3] Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not penalized.[4]
  • Sweden: Sweden's public health agency suggested classifying MiPT as a hazardous substance, on May 15, 2019.[5]
  • Switzerland: MiPT is not controlled under Buchstabe A, B, C and D. It could be considered legal.[6]
  • United Kingdom: MiPT is a Class A controlled substance in the United Kingdom as a result of the tryptamine catch-all clause.[7]
  • United States: MiPT is considered a schedule 1 controlled substance as a positional isomer of Diethyltryptamine (DET). MiPT is specifically mentioned by name in the DEA Orange Book[8], which lists all the controlled substances and other regulated chemicals in the US.

See also

Discussion

References

This article does not cite enough references.

You can help by adding some.

  1. Shulgin, Alexander; Shulgin, Ann (1997). "#47. MIPT". TiHKAL: The Continuation. United States: Transform Press. ISBN 0-9630096-9-9. OCLC 38503252. 
  2. "Anlage NpSG" (in Deutsch). Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz [Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection]. Retrieved December 10, 2019. 
  3. "Verordnung zur Änderung der Anlage des Neue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetzes und von Anlagen des Betäubungsmittelgesetzes" (PDF). Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2019 Teil I Nr. 27 (in Deutsch). Bundesanzeiger Verlag. July 17, 2019. pp. 1083–1094. Retrieved January 1, 2020. 
  4. "§ 4 NpSG" (in Deutsch). Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz [Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection]. Retrieved December 10, 2019. 
  5. "Folkhälsomyndigheten föreslår att 20 ämnen klassas som narkotika eller hälsofarlig vara" (in svenska). Folkhälsomyndigheten [Public Health Agency]. May 15, 2019. 
  6. "Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien" (in Deutsch). Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]. Retrieved January 1, 2020. 
  7. "Part I: Class A Drugs". "Misuse of Drugs Act 1971". UK Government. Retrieved January 7, 2020. 
  8. "Orange Book - List of Controlled Substances and Regulated Chemicals" (PDF). Drug Enforcement Adminitration. Retrieved September 17, 2023.