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'''3-Methoxyphencyclidine''' (also known as '''3-MeO-PCP''') is a lesser-known novel [[Psychoactive class::dissociative]] substance of the [[Chemical class::arylcyclohexylamine]] class. 3-MeO-PCP is a derivative of [[phencyclidine]] ('''PCP''') and is chemically related to substances like [[methoxetamine]] and [[3-MeO-PCE]]. It produces its effects by blocking [[NMDA receptor|NMDA receptors]] in the brain.
'''3-Methoxyphencyclidine''' (also known as '''3-MeO-PCP''') is a lesser-known novel [[Psychoactive class::dissociative]] substance of the [[Chemical class::arylcyclohexylamine]] class. 3-MeO-PCP is a derivative of [[phencyclidine]] ('''PCP''') and is chemically related to substances like [[methoxetamine]] and [[3-MeO-PCE]]. It produces its effects by blocking [[NMDA receptor|NMDA receptors]] in the brain.
3-MeO-PCP was first synthesized in 1979 in an investigation of [[phencyclidine]] (PCP) derivatives. However, its activity in humans was not described until 1999 when a chemist using the pseudonym John Q. Beagle reported qualitative similarities to [[PCP]] along with comparable potency.<ref name="PCP2MXE">Morris, H., & Wallach, J. (2014). From PCP to MXE: A comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs. Drug Testing and Analysis, 6(7–8), 614–632. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1620</ref> In 2009, it began to be discussed on online forums such as bluelight.ru and was made available for sale on the [[research chemicals]] market.<ref>Morris, H., & Wallach, J. (2014). From PCP to MXE: A comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs. Drug Testing and Analysis, 6(7–8), 614–632. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1620</ref>
3-MeO-PCP was first synthesized in 1979 in an investigation of [[phencyclidine]] (PCP) derivatives. However, its activity in humans was not described until 1999 when a chemist using the pseudonym John Q. Beagle reported qualitative similarities to [[PCP]] along with comparable potency.<ref name="Morris2014">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Morris, H.)), ((Wallach, J.)) | journal=Drug Testing and Analysis | title=From PCP to MXE: a comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs: PCP to MXE | volume=6 | issue=7–8 | pages=614–632 | date= July 2014 | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dta.1620 | issn=19427603 | doi=10.1002/dta.1620}}</ref> In 2009, it began to be discussed on online forums such as bluelight.ru and was made available for sale on the [[research chemicals]] market.<ref name="Morris2014" />
Like other arylcyclohexylamines, 3-MeO-PCP induces a state referred to as "[[dissociatives#Subjective effects|dissociative anesthesia]]", although the extent to which this occurs is reported to be highly dose-dependent and variable in its effects. It is commonly taken [[orally]] and [[nasally]], although it may also be [[smoked]] and [[injected]]. It has been noted for its subtle come up and tendency to produce [[Delusions#Delusion of sobriety|delusions of sobriety]], which can lead to [[compulsive redosing]].
Like other arylcyclohexylamines, 3-MeO-PCP induces a state referred to as "[[dissociatives#Subjective effects|dissociative anesthesia]]", although the extent to which this occurs is reported to be highly dose-dependent and variable in its effects. It is commonly taken [[orally]] and [[nasally]], although it may also be [[smoked]] and [[injected]]. It has been noted for its subtle come up and tendency to produce [[Delusions#Delusion of sobriety|delusions of sobriety]], which can lead to [[compulsive redosing]].
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Dissociatives inhibit the normal functioning NMDA receptors by binding to and blocking them. This disruption of neural network activity leads to loss of normal cognitive and affective processing, psychomotor functioning, anesthesia and eventually the equivalent of a "k-hole".
Dissociatives inhibit the normal functioning NMDA receptors by binding to and blocking them. This disruption of neural network activity leads to loss of normal cognitive and affective processing, psychomotor functioning, anesthesia and eventually the equivalent of a "k-hole".
3-MeO-PCP has a Ki of 20 nM for the NMDA receptor, 42 nM for the sigma-1 receptor, 216 nM for the serotonin transporter (SERT), and 2960 nM with H1 receptor <ref>http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0194984</ref> <ref name=""AMCD"">Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD) Methoxetamine report, 2012 | https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/advisory-council-on-the-misuse-of-drugs-acmd-methoxetamine-report-2012</ref> It binds to the NMDA receptor with higher affinity than PCP and has the highest affinity of the three isomeric anisyl-substitutions, followed by 2-MeO-PCP and 4-MeO-PCP.<ref>http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0194984</ref> Like its sister compound PCP and unlike ketamine, 3-MeO-PCP shows a high affinity for inhibiting the relatively unstudied PCP2 glutamate receptor.{{Citation needed}}
3-MeO-PCP has a Ki of 20 nM for the NMDA receptor, 42 nM for the sigma-1 receptor, 216 nM for the serotonin transporter (SERT), and 2960 nM with H1 receptor <ref>http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0194984</ref> <ref name=""AMCD"">{{Citation | title=Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD) Methoxetamine report, 2012 | url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/advisory-council-on-the-misuse-of-drugs-acmd-methoxetamine-report-2012}}</ref> It binds to the NMDA receptor with higher affinity than PCP and has the highest affinity of the three isomeric anisyl-substitutions, followed by 2-MeO-PCP and 4-MeO-PCP.<ref>http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0194984</ref> Like its sister compound PCP and unlike ketamine, 3-MeO-PCP shows a high affinity for inhibiting the relatively unstudied PCP2 glutamate receptor.{{Citation needed}}
Although 3-MeO-PCP was once claimed to possess opioid or dopaminergic activity,<ref name="chemist">Interview with a ketamine chemist: or to be more precise, an arylcyclohexylamine chemist | http://www.vice.com/read/interview-with-ketamine-chemist-704-v18n2</ref> this supposition is contradicted by data showing 3-MeO-PCP to be a potent and selective ligand for the NMDA receptor without appreciable affinity for the µ-opioid receptor or dopamine transporter.<ref name="AMCD2">The Ketamine Analogue Methoxetamine and 3- and 4-Methoxy Analogues of Phencyclidine Are High Affinity and Selective Ligands for the Glutamate NMDA Receptor | http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0059334</ref> 3-MeO-PCP was preceded by the less potent dissociative 4-MeO-PCP and first became available as a [[research chemical]] in 2011.<ref name="PCP2MXE" />
Although 3-MeO-PCP was once claimed to possess opioid or dopaminergic activity,<ref name="chemist">{{Citation | vauthors=((Morris, H.)) | year=2011 | title=Interview with a Ketamine Chemist | url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/ppzgk9/interview-with-ketamine-chemist-704-v18n2}}</ref> this supposition is contradicted by data showing 3-MeO-PCP to be a potent and selective ligand for the NMDA receptor without appreciable affinity for the µ-opioid receptor or dopamine transporter.<ref name="AMCD2">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Roth, B. L.)), ((Gibbons, S.)), ((Arunotayanun, W.)), ((Huang, X.-P.)), ((Setola, V.)), ((Treble, R.)), ((Iversen, L.)) | journal=PLOS ONE | title=The Ketamine Analogue Methoxetamine and 3- and 4-Methoxy Analogues of Phencyclidine Are High Affinity and Selective Ligands for the Glutamate NMDA Receptor | volume=8 | issue=3 | pages=e59334 | date=19 March 2013 | url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0059334 | issn=1932-6203 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0059334}}</ref> 3-MeO-PCP was preceded by the less potent dissociative 4-MeO-PCP and first became available as a [[research chemical]] in 2011.<ref name="Morris2014" />
==Subjective effects==
==Subjective effects==
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*'''[[Effect::Vibrating vision]]''' - At high doses, a person's eyeballs may begin to spontaneously wiggle back and forth in a rapid motion, causing the vision to become blurry and temporarily out of focus.<ref name="Berar et. al"/> This is a condition known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nystagmus nystagmus].
*'''[[Effect::Vibrating vision]]''' - At high doses, a person's eyeballs may begin to spontaneously wiggle back and forth in a rapid motion, causing the vision to become blurry and temporarily out of focus.<ref name="Berar et. al"/> This is a condition known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nystagmus nystagmus].
*'''[[Effect::Abnormal heartbeat]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Abnormal heartbeat]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]''' - This effect grows more pronounced with increased dose.<ref name="Berar et. al">Berar, A., Allain, J. S., Allard, S., Lefevre, C., Baert, A., Morel, I., Bouvet, R., & Gicquel, T. (2019). Intoxication with 3-MeO-PCP alone: A case report and literature review. Medicine, 98(52), e18295. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000018295</ref>
*'''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]''' - This effect grows more pronounced with increased dose.<ref name="Berar et. al">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Berar, A.)), ((Allain, J.-S.)), ((Allard, S.)), ((Lefevre, C.)), ((Baert, A.)), ((Morel, I.)), ((Bouvet, R.)), ((Gicquel, T.)) | journal=Medicine | title=Intoxication with 3-MeO-PCP alone: A case report and literature review | volume=98 | issue=52 | pages=e18295 | date= December 2019 | url=https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/MD.0000000000018295 | issn=0025-7974 | doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000018295}}</ref>
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''<ref name = "Berar et. al"/> - This effect has been reported as being more pronounced than other dissociatives, such as [[DCK]] or [[diphenidine]].
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''<ref name = "Berar et. al"/> - This effect has been reported as being more pronounced than other dissociatives, such as [[DCK]] or [[diphenidine]].
*'''[[Effect::Increased perspiration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased perspiration]]'''
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====Suppressions====
====Suppressions====
*"[[Effect::Addiction suppression]]"*
*[[Effect::Addiction suppression]]
}}
}}
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The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 3-MeO-PCP use has not been studied in any scientific context and the exact [[Toxicity::toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because 3-MeO-PCP has very short history of human usage.
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 3-MeO-PCP use has not been studied in any scientific context and the exact [[Toxicity::toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because 3-MeO-PCP has very short history of human usage.
There is one death involving this substance recorded in the medical literature. In this case, the individual's cause of death was determined to be from a combination of 3-MeO-PCP, [[amphetamine]], and [[diphenhydramine]].<ref>Bakota, E., Arndt, C., Romoser, A. A., & Wilson, S. K. (2016). Fatal Intoxication Involving 3-MeO-PCP: A Case Report and Validated Method. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 40(7), 504–510. http://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkw056</ref>
There is one death involving this substance recorded in the medical literature. In this case, the individual's cause of death was determined to be from a combination of 3-MeO-PCP, [[amphetamine]], and [[diphenhydramine]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Bakota, E.)), ((Arndt, C.)), ((Romoser, A. A.)), ((Wilson, S. K.)) | journal=Journal of Analytical Toxicology | title=Fatal Intoxication Involving 3-MeO-PCP: A Case Report and Validated Method | volume=40 | issue=7 | pages=504–510 | date= September 2016 | url=https://academic.oup.com/jat/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/jat/bkw056 | issn=0146-4760 | doi=10.1093/jat/bkw056}}</ref>
===Dependence and abuse potential===
===Dependence and abuse potential===
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===Psychosis===
===Psychosis===
3-MeO-PCP has been reported to cause [[psychosis]], [[delusions]], and [[mania]] at a significantly higher rate than other [[dissociative]]s such as [[ketamine]], [[diphenidine]], or [[MXE]]. There are a large number of experience reports online which describe states of "psychotic delirium, amnesia, mania, and other serious consequences" after abusing 3-MeO-PCP.<ref name="three">The Big & Dandy 3-MeO-PCP Thread - Part 2 (Bluelight) | http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/697059-The-Big-amp-Dandy-3-MeO-PCP-Thread-Part-2</ref><ref name="two">The Big & Dandy 3-MeO-PCP Thread - Mad Manic Meo 3nity | http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/760934-The-Big-amp-Dandy-3-MeO-PCP-Thread-Mad-Manic-Meo-3nity</ref><ref name="one">The Big & Dandy 3-MeO-PCP Thread - Part 1 (Bluelight) | http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/454099-The-Big-amp-Dandy-3-MeO-PCP-Thread-%28Part-1%29</ref> In some cases, it has resulted in hospitalization and occasionally has taken up to a week or more to resolve.<ref name="six">Phencyclidine analog use in Sweden--intoxication cases involving 3-MeO-PCP and 4-MeO-PCP from the STRIDA project. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26295489</ref><ref>The Big & Dandy 3-MeO-PCP Thread - Part 2 | Page 18 | 10-08-2014 09:10 | Post #448 by Sekio (Administrator) | http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/697059-The-Big-amp-Dandy-3-MeO-PCP-Thread-Part-2?p=12523821&viewfull=1#post12523821</ref><ref>The Big & Dandy 3-MeO-PCP Thread - Part 2 | Page 20 | 30-08-2014 14:08 | Post #481 by Chocodoobie | http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/697059-The-Big-amp-Dandy-3-MeO-PCP-Thread-Part-2?p=12559322&viewfull=1#post12559322</ref><ref>The Big & Dandy 3-MeO-PCP Thread - Part 3 | Page 1 | 23-06-2015 11:53 | Post #5 by Confield | http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/760934-The-Big-amp-Dandy-3-MeO-PCP-Thread-Mad-Manic-Meo-3nity?p=13108675&viewfull=1#post13108675</ref><ref>https://www.erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=103972 | NumbnDumb. "So Strong I'm Shocked: An Experience with 3-MeO-PCP (ID 103972)". Erowid.org. Jan 24, 2016. erowid.org/exp/103972</ref>
3-MeO-PCP has been reported to cause [[psychosis]], [[delusions]], and [[mania]] at a significantly higher rate than other [[dissociative]]s such as [[ketamine]], [[diphenidine]], or [[MXE]]. There are a large number of experience reports online which describe states of "psychotic delirium, amnesia, mania, and other serious consequences" after abusing 3-MeO-PCP.<ref name="three">The Big & Dandy 3-MeO-PCP Thread - Part 2 (Bluelight) | http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/697059-The-Big-amp-Dandy-3-MeO-PCP-Thread-Part-2</ref><ref name="two">The Big & Dandy 3-MeO-PCP Thread - Mad Manic Meo 3nity | http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/760934-The-Big-amp-Dandy-3-MeO-PCP-Thread-Mad-Manic-Meo-3nity</ref><ref name="one">The Big & Dandy 3-MeO-PCP Thread - Part 1 (Bluelight) | http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/454099-The-Big-amp-Dandy-3-MeO-PCP-Thread-%28Part-1%29</ref> In some cases, it has resulted in hospitalization and occasionally has taken up to a week or more to resolve.<ref name="six">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Bäckberg, M.)), ((Beck, O.)), ((Helander, A.)) | journal=Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) | title=Phencyclidine analog use in Sweden--intoxication cases involving 3-MeO-PCP and 4-MeO-PCP from the STRIDA project | volume=53 | issue=9 | pages=856–864 | date= November 2015 | issn=1556-9519 | doi=10.3109/15563650.2015.1079325}}</ref><ref>The Big & Dandy 3-MeO-PCP Thread - Part 2 | Page 18 | 10-08-2014 09:10 | Post #448 by Sekio (Administrator) | http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/697059-The-Big-amp-Dandy-3-MeO-PCP-Thread-Part-2?p=12523821&viewfull=1#post12523821</ref><ref>The Big & Dandy 3-MeO-PCP Thread - Part 2 | Page 20 | 30-08-2014 14:08 | Post #481 by Chocodoobie | http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/697059-The-Big-amp-Dandy-3-MeO-PCP-Thread-Part-2?p=12559322&viewfull=1#post12559322</ref><ref>The Big & Dandy 3-MeO-PCP Thread - Part 3 | Page 1 | 23-06-2015 11:53 | Post #5 by Confield | http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/760934-The-Big-amp-Dandy-3-MeO-PCP-Thread-Mad-Manic-Meo-3nity?p=13108675&viewfull=1#post13108675</ref><ref>{{Citation | title=3-MeO-PCP - Erowid Exp - “So Strong I’m Shocked” | url=https://www.erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=103972}}</ref>
*Users should avoid taking 3-MeO-PCP for multiple days in a row or becoming dependent on it as this seems to be the main risk factor in the observed incidences of severe adverse effects.
*Users should avoid taking 3-MeO-PCP for multiple days in a row or becoming dependent on it as this seems to be the main risk factor in the observed incidences of severe adverse effects.
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*'''Austria:''' 3-MeO-PCP is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich).{{citation needed}}
*'''Austria:''' 3-MeO-PCP is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich).{{citation needed}}
*'''Brazil:''' As of May 17, 2018, 3-MeO-PCP has been added to Portaria SVS/MS nº 344. Possession, distribution and use of this substance is now considered illegal.<ref>List of controlled substances: Portaria SVS/MS nº 344 (Portuguese) | http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/lista-de-substancias-sujeitas-a-controle-especial</ref>
*'''Brazil:''' As of May 17, 2018, 3-MeO-PCP has been added to Portaria SVS/MS nº 344. Possession, distribution and use of this substance is now considered illegal.<ref>List of controlled substances: Portaria SVS/MS nº 344 (Portuguese) | http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/lista-de-substancias-sujeitas-a-controle-especial</ref>
*'''Germany:''' On November 21, 2015, 3-MeO-PCP was added to "Anlage II" of the controlled substance act ("BtMG"), making it illegal to produce, sell or possess.<ref>30. BtMÄndVO in Kraft getreten | http://blog.beck.de/2015/11/23/30-btm-ndvo-in-kraft-getreten-6-neue-stoffe-wurden-ins-btmg-aufgenommen-0</ref>
*'''Germany:''' On November 21, 2015, 3-MeO-PCP was added to "Anlage II" of the controlled substance act ("BtMG"), making it illegal to produce, sell or possess.<ref>{{Citation | year=2015 | title=30. BtMÄndVO in Kraft getreten: 6 neue Stoffe wurden ins BtMG aufgenommen | url=https://community.beck.de/2015/11/23/30-btm-ndvo-in-kraft-getreten-6-neue-stoffe-wurden-ins-btmg-aufgenommen-0}}</ref>
*'''Denmark:''' As of August 25th, 2015, all MeO-PCP isomers (including 3-MeO-PCP) were added to the list of illegal substances in Denmark.<ref><nowiki>https://laegemiddelstyrelsen.dk/da/nyheder/2015/bekendtgoerelse-om-euforiserende-stoffer-ni-nye-stoffer-tilfoejet/</nowiki></ref>
*'''Denmark:''' As of August 25th, 2015, all MeO-PCP isomers (including 3-MeO-PCP) were added to the list of illegal substances in Denmark.<ref>{{Citation | title=Bekendtgørelse om euforiserende stoffer - ni nye stoffer tilføjet | url=https://laegemiddelstyrelsen.dk/da/nyheder/2015/bekendtgoerelse-om-euforiserende-stoffer-ni-nye-stoffer-tilfoejet/}}</ref>
*'''Sweden:''' Sweden's public health agency suggested classifying 3-MeO-PCP as a hazardous substance on November 10, 2014.<ref>Cannabinoider föreslås bli klassade som hälsofarlig vara | http://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/nyheter-och-press/nyhetsarkiv/2014/november/cannabinoider-foreslas-bli-klassade-som-halsofarlig-vara/</ref>
*'''Sweden:''' Sweden's public health agency suggested classifying 3-MeO-PCP as a hazardous substance on November 10, 2014.<ref>Cannabinoider föreslås bli klassade som hälsofarlig vara | http://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/nyheter-och-press/nyhetsarkiv/2014/november/cannabinoider-foreslas-bli-klassade-som-halsofarlig-vara/</ref>
*'''Switzerland:''' 3-MeO-PCP is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>
*'''Switzerland:''' 3-MeO-PCP is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>
*'''Turkey:''' 3-MeO-PCP is a classed as drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.<ref name="Bakanlar Kurulu Kararı - Karar Sayısı : 2013/5742">https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/01/20140125-3.htm</ref> <ref name="List of illegal substances for law"> https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/01/20140125-3-1.pdf</ref>
*'''Turkey:''' 3-MeO-PCP is a classed as drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.<ref name="Bakanlar Kurulu Kararı - Karar Sayısı : 2013/5742">{{Citation | title=Başbakanlık Mevzuatı Geliştirme ve Yayın Genel Müdürlüğü | url=https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/01/20140125-3.htm}}</ref> <ref name="List of illegal substances for law"> https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/01/20140125-3-1.pdf</ref>
*'''United Kingdom:''' 3-MeO-PCP is a class B drug in the UK and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import. As a derivative of 1-Phenylcyclohexylamine where the amine has been replaced with a 1-piperidyl group, further substituted in the phenyl ring with an alkoxy substituent, it is covered by the arylcyclohexylamine generic clause added to the Misuse of Drugs Act by S.I. 2013/239, which came into effect on the 26th February 2013.<ref>The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2013 (Legislation.gov.uk) | http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/239/introduction/made</ref>
*'''United Kingdom:''' 3-MeO-PCP is a class B drug in the UK and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import. As a derivative of 1-Phenylcyclohexylamine where the amine has been replaced with a 1-piperidyl group, further substituted in the phenyl ring with an alkoxy substituent, it is covered by the arylcyclohexylamine generic clause added to the Misuse of Drugs Act by S.I. 2013/239, which came into effect on the 26th February 2013.<ref>{{Citation | title=The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2013 | url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/239/introduction/made}}</ref>
*'''United States:''' 3-MeO-PCP is not a controlled substance in the United States but possession or distribution of 3-MeO-PCP for human use could potentially be prosecuted under the Federal Analogue Act due to its structural and pharmacological similarities to PCP.
*'''United States:''' 3-MeO-PCP is not a controlled substance in the United States but possession or distribution of 3-MeO-PCP for human use could potentially be prosecuted under the Federal Analogue Act due to its structural and pharmacological similarities to PCP.
*'''Czech Republic''': 3-MeO-PCP is a Schedule I controlled substance.<ref>https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2013-463</ref>
*'''Czech Republic''': 3-MeO-PCP is a Schedule I controlled substance.<ref>{{Citation | vauthors=(([email protected], A. C.-)) | title=463/2013 Sb. Nařízení vlády o seznamech návykových látek | url=https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2013-463}}</ref>
*'''The Netherlands''': 3-MeO-PCP is a Schedule I controlled substance.<ref>{{Citation| title=Opiumwet, Lijst I, (Dutch) | year=2023 | url=https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001941/2023-09-12#BijlageI}}</ref>
*'''Italy:''' 3-MeO-PCP is a Schedule I controlled substance.<ref>https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/vediMenuHTML?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2021-10-18&atto.codiceRedazionale=21A06118&tipoSerie=serie_generale&tipoVigenza=originario</ref>
It is strongly discouraged to take this substance in high dosages, for multiple days in a row, or in combination with other substances that increase the risk of psychosis. Please see this section for more details.
WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.
DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.
3-MeO-PCP was first synthesized in 1979 in an investigation of phencyclidine (PCP) derivatives. However, its activity in humans was not described until 1999 when a chemist using the pseudonym John Q. Beagle reported qualitative similarities to PCP along with comparable potency.[5] In 2009, it began to be discussed on online forums such as bluelight.ru and was made available for sale on the research chemicals market.[5]
Like other arylcyclohexylamines, 3-MeO-PCP induces a state referred to as "dissociative anesthesia", although the extent to which this occurs is reported to be highly dose-dependent and variable in its effects. It is commonly taken orally and nasally, although it may also be smoked and injected. It has been noted for its subtle come up and tendency to produce delusions of sobriety, which can lead to compulsive redosing.
Very little data exists for the pharmacology, metabolism, and toxicity of 3-MeO-PCP. Due to its potent hallucinogenic effects and lack of research, it is strongly advised to use use harm reduction practices if using this substance.
3-Methoxyphencyclidine, or 3-MeO-PCP, is a synthetic dissociative of the arylcyclohexylamine class. 3-MeO-PCP contains cyclohexane, a six-member saturated ring, bonded to two additional rings at R1. One of these rings is a piperidine ring, a nitrogenous six member ring, bonded at its nitrogen group. The other ring is an aromatic phenyl ring, substituted at R3 with a methoxy group.
3-MeO-PCP is a PCP derivative and structurally analogous to 4-MeO-PCP.
3-MeO-PCP acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist. A specific subtype of glutamate receptor, NMDA (N-Methyl-D-Aspartate), modulates the transmission of electrical signals between neurons in the brain and spinal cord; for the signals to pass, the receptor must be open.
Dissociatives inhibit the normal functioning NMDA receptors by binding to and blocking them. This disruption of neural network activity leads to loss of normal cognitive and affective processing, psychomotor functioning, anesthesia and eventually the equivalent of a "k-hole".
3-MeO-PCP has a Ki of 20 nM for the NMDA receptor, 42 nM for the sigma-1 receptor, 216 nM for the serotonin transporter (SERT), and 2960 nM with H1 receptor [6][7] It binds to the NMDA receptor with higher affinity than PCP and has the highest affinity of the three isomeric anisyl-substitutions, followed by 2-MeO-PCP and 4-MeO-PCP.[8] Like its sister compound PCP and unlike ketamine, 3-MeO-PCP shows a high affinity for inhibiting the relatively unstudied PCP2 glutamate receptor.[citation needed]
Although 3-MeO-PCP was once claimed to possess opioid or dopaminergic activity,[9] this supposition is contradicted by data showing 3-MeO-PCP to be a potent and selective ligand for the NMDA receptor without appreciable affinity for the µ-opioid receptor or dopamine transporter.[10] 3-MeO-PCP was preceded by the less potent dissociative 4-MeO-PCP and first became available as a research chemical in 2011.[5]
Subjective effects
3-MeO-PCP is commonly described as being more stimulating and less immobilizing than other dissociatives such as ketamine or MXE.
Based on a large amount of experience reports, it appears to be considerably more likely to induce mania, delusions, and psychosis than other dissociatives (possibly due to its unusually high potency, compulsivity and erratic dose response).
Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWikicontributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
Physical effects
Stimulation - 3-MeO-PCP is regarded to be noticeably stimulating in comparison to other dissociatives such as ketamine, MXE, or DCK. The stimulation it presents is described as clear and subtle.
Spontaneous bodily sensations - The body high of 3-MeO-PCP can be described in terms of its style variations as a motionless, constant, sharp, all-encompassing, and euphoric activation of nerve endings across the body.
Physical euphoria - 3-MeO-PCP has been reported to more readily induce euphoria than most other dissociatives, such as ketamine or diphenidine, especially of the manic variant.
Tactile enhancement or Tactile suppression - At lower dosages, this compound tends to induce tactile enhancements. At higher dosages, this enhancement shifts towards tactile suppressions and anesthesia.
Pain relief - This substance produces distinct nerve-signal blocking anesthetic effects typically required in surgical settings, but only in the stronger to heavier dose ranges.
Bodily control enhancement or Motor control loss - At lower dosages this compound typically induces enhancements in bodily control. At higher dosages, this enhancement shifts towards motor control loss.
Spatial disorientation - In contrast to other dissociatives like ketamine, this effect is only prominent at high doses.
Appetite suppression or Appetite enhancement - The appetite suppression present with 3-MeO-PCP can be considered to be less sharp than with substances such as Cocaine and Ketamine. Like ketamine, this is due to the disconnection of electrical signals at high doses. Unlike ketamine, it is also possible to experience a noticeable appetite enhancement that is less prominent than its sister compound PCP.
Vibrating vision - At high doses, a person's eyeballs may begin to spontaneously wiggle back and forth in a rapid motion, causing the vision to become blurry and temporarily out of focus.[11] This is a condition known as nystagmus.
Seizure - The extent to which this effect can be produced is unknown but can likely happen in those predisposed to them, especially while in physically taxing conditions such as being dehydrated, fatigued or undernourished.
Visual effects
Visual acuity enhancement or Visual acuity suppression - While lower doses of this compound tend to produce mild visual acuity enhancements, this effect quickly disappears as one's general visual faculties become suppressed as the dose is increased.
Compulsive redosing - This effect is more prominent based on the route of administration used. For example, it is especially present when smoked or vaporized, due to the relative abruptness of the substance entering and leaving the bloodstream.
Mania - This effect is reportedly more common on 3-MeO-PCP than most other dissociatives. It typically occurs during the offset of the experience, but can also occur during the onset and come up as well.
Psychosis - This effect has been reported to be more common on 3-MeO-PCP than most other dissociatives, such as MXE or ketamine. It typically occurs during the offset of the experience, but can also occur during the onset and come up as well.
Delusion - Like psychosis, this effect is reportedly more common on 3-MeO-PCP than most other dissociatives.
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 3-MeO-PCP use has not been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dosage is unknown. This is because 3-MeO-PCP has very short history of human usage.
There is one death involving this substance recorded in the medical literature. In this case, the individual's cause of death was determined to be from a combination of 3-MeO-PCP, amphetamine, and diphenhydramine.[12]
Dependence and abuse potential
3-MeO-PCP produces dependence with chronic use and has a high potential for abuse. In comparison to other dissociatives, 3-MeO-PCP has been reported to be more likely to produce psychological dependence than other dissociatives. When dependence has developed, cravings and withdrawal effects may occur if one suddenly stops their usage. There are multiple online reports of users becoming seriously dependent on this substance.
Tolerance to many of the effects of 3-MeO-PCP develops with prolonged and repeated use. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about 3 - 7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 1 - 2 weeks to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 3-MeO-PCP presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all dissociatives]], meaning that after the consumption of 3-MeO-PCP, all dissociatives will have a reduced effect.
Psychosis
3-MeO-PCP has been reported to cause psychosis, delusions, and mania at a significantly higher rate than other dissociatives such as ketamine, diphenidine, or MXE. There are a large number of experience reports online which describe states of "psychotic delirium, amnesia, mania, and other serious consequences" after abusing 3-MeO-PCP.[13][14][15] In some cases, it has resulted in hospitalization and occasionally has taken up to a week or more to resolve.[16][17][18][19][20]
Users should avoid taking 3-MeO-PCP for multiple days in a row or becoming dependent on it as this seems to be the main risk factor in the observed incidences of severe adverse effects.
The recommended dosage range should not be exceeded as high doses can trigger these effects as well.
Users should start with extremely low doses and work their way up as slowly as possible. Volumetric liquid dosing should preferably be used due to the drug's potency; most standard milligram scales cannot accurately weigh out doses below 10-15mg.
Compulsive redosing before one has fully sobered up is not recommended and can result in too high of a dose.
Due to the risk of psychosis, it is not recommended to combine this substance with other substances, especially stimulants, psychedelics, or other dissociatives like MXE. Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
In terms of its long-term health effects when used repeatedly and excessively for extended periods of time, 3-MeO-PCP seems to exhibit almost identical bladder and urinary tract problems to those found within ketamine, but to a lesser extent. This is possibly because 3-MeO-PCP is far more potent than ketamine so significantly less of drug needs to be consumed. Increased urinary tract effects will compound with usage of other drugs like amphetamine even if the drugs are not simultaneously used.[citation needed] Symptoms of ketamine-induced cystitis can become extremely serious and can be described as:
Urinary frequency - Urinary frequency is the need to empty the bladder every few minutes.
Urinary urgency - This can be described as a sudden, compelling need to urinate.
Urinary pressure - This is experienced as a constant sensation of fullness in the bladder that is unrelieved by urination.
Pelvic and bladder pain - Pain can develop suddenly and severely, particularly as the bladder fills with urine.
Hematuria - Hematuria is visible blood in the urine.
Incontinence - This is the leakage of urine.
These effects can be mitigated by refraining from using 3-MeO-PCP regularly (on a daily or weekly basis) and manually limiting one's usage of the substance.
Dangerous interactions
Warning:Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following list provides some known dangerous interactions (although it is not guaranteed to include all of them).
Always conduct independent research (e.g. Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit.
Stimulants - Both stimulants and dissociatives carry the risk of adverse psychological reactions like anxiety, mania, delusions and psychosis and these risks are exacerbated when the two substances are combined.
Depressants - Because both depress the respiratory system, this combination can result in an increased risk of suddenly falling unconscious, vomiting and choking to death from the resulting suffocation. If nausea or vomiting occurs, users should attempt to fall asleep in the recovery position or have a friend move them into it.
MDMA: 3-MeO-PCP acts as a mild serotonin releasing agent and could interact negatively with the serotonin release of MDMA
Legal status
Austria: 3-MeO-PCP is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich).[citation needed]
Brazil: As of May 17, 2018, 3-MeO-PCP has been added to Portaria SVS/MS nº 344. Possession, distribution and use of this substance is now considered illegal.[21]
Germany: On November 21, 2015, 3-MeO-PCP was added to "Anlage II" of the controlled substance act ("BtMG"), making it illegal to produce, sell or possess.[22]
Denmark: As of August 25th, 2015, all MeO-PCP isomers (including 3-MeO-PCP) were added to the list of illegal substances in Denmark.[23]
Sweden: Sweden's public health agency suggested classifying 3-MeO-PCP as a hazardous substance on November 10, 2014.[24]
Switzerland: 3-MeO-PCP is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.[25]
Turkey: 3-MeO-PCP is a classed as drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.[26][27]
United Kingdom: 3-MeO-PCP is a class B drug in the UK and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import. As a derivative of 1-Phenylcyclohexylamine where the amine has been replaced with a 1-piperidyl group, further substituted in the phenyl ring with an alkoxy substituent, it is covered by the arylcyclohexylamine generic clause added to the Misuse of Drugs Act by S.I. 2013/239, which came into effect on the 26th February 2013.[28]
United States: 3-MeO-PCP is not a controlled substance in the United States but possession or distribution of 3-MeO-PCP for human use could potentially be prosecuted under the Federal Analogue Act due to its structural and pharmacological similarities to PCP.
Czech Republic: 3-MeO-PCP is a Schedule I controlled substance.[29]
The Netherlands: 3-MeO-PCP is a Schedule I controlled substance.[30]
Italy: 3-MeO-PCP is a Schedule I controlled substance.[31]
Morris, H., & Wallach, J. (2014). From PCP to MXE: A comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs. Drug Testing and Analysis, 6(7–8), 614–632. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1620
↑Bäckberg, M., Beck, O., Helander, A. (November 2015). "Phencyclidine analog use in Sweden--intoxication cases involving 3-MeO-PCP and 4-MeO-PCP from the STRIDA project". Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.). 53 (9): 856–864. doi:10.3109/15563650.2015.1079325. ISSN1556-9519.
