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m Added significant to note that some find minor psychedelic effects from this drug
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{{SubstanceBox/2C-H}}
{{SubstanceBox/2C-H}}
'''2,5-Dimethoxyphenethylamine''' (also known as '''2C-H''' and '''DMPEA''') is a lesser-known psychoactive substance of the [[chemical class::phenethylamine]] class. 2C-H belongs to the [[2C-x]] family of substituted phenethylamines. However, it does not have psychedelic properties and is primarily used as a precursor in the synthesis of other phenethylamines such as 2C-B, 2C-I, and 2C-N.
'''2,5-Dimethoxyphenethylamine''' (also known as '''2C-H''') is a lesser-known psychoactive substance of the [[chemical class::phenethylamine]] class. 2C-H belongs to the [[2C-x]] family of substituted phenethylamines. However, it does not have any significant psychedelic properties and is primarily used as a precursor in the synthesis of other phenethylamines such as 2C-B, 2C-I, and 2C-N.
2C-H was first synthesized in 1932 by Johannes S. Buck.<ref>Buck, J. S. (1932). HYDROXY-AND DIHYDROXYPHENYLETHYLMETHYLAMINES AND THEIR ETHERS. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 54(9), 3661-3665. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01348a024.</ref> Its effects in humans were explored in the 1970s by [[Alexander Shulgin]], who published his findings in the book [[PiHKAL|PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved)]].
2C-H was first synthesized in 1932 by Johannes S. Buck.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Buck|first1=J. S.|year=1932|title=Hydroxy- And Dihydroxyphenylethylmethylamines And Their Ethers|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|volume=54|issue=9|pages=3661-3665|doi=10.1021/ja01348a024|issn=0002-7863|eissn=1520-5126|oclc=01226990}}</ref> Its effects in humans were explored in the 1970s by [[Alexander Shulgin]], who published his findings in the book [[PiHKAL|PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved)]].
In PiHKAL, Shulgin lists both the dosage and duration as unknown, commenting that 2C-H is likely easily broken down by MAO enzymes in the liver and is thus probably inactive. However, there have since been some anecdotal reports that suggest it may be active when taken [[sublingually]].<ref>So Happy, Very Happy 2C-H by PandaDoom (Erowid) | https://erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=80334</ref> It is theorized to be [[orally]] active if taken in combination with a [[MAOI]]. However, it is unknown whether this would result in typical 2C-x psychedelic effects.
In PiHKAL, Shulgin lists both the dosage and duration as unknown, commenting that 2C-H is likely easily broken down by MAO enzymes in the liver and is thus probably inactive. However, there have since been some anecdotal reports that suggest it may be active when taken [[sublingually]].<ref>{{cite web|title=So Happy, Very Happy 2C-H|author="PandaDoom"|publisher=Erowid|url=https://erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=80334|date=August 3, 2009|id=exp80334|work=Experience Vaults}}</ref> It is theorized to be [[orally]] active if taken in combination with a [[MAOI]]. However, it is unknown whether this would result in typical 2C-x psychedelic effects.
Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 2C-H. It is highly advised to use [[harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.
Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 2C-H. It is highly advised to use [[harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.
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==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
There is no record of 2C-H trials in humans, as it would likely be destroyed by monoamine oxidase enzymes before causing any significant psychoactive effects.<ref>[[Alexander Shlulgin|Shulgin, Alexander]]; [[Ann Shulgin]] (September 1991). [https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/pihkal/pihkal023.shtml PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story.] Berkeley, California: Transform Press. ISBN 0-9630096-0-5. OCLC 25627628.</ref> Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 2C-H. However, it has been shown to have binding affinity towards [[Serotonin#The_5-HT_system|5-HT2C]] and [[Serotonin#The_5-HT_system|5-HT2A]] [[receptor]]s in rats.<ref>2C-H BioAssay Results (PubChem) | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/76632#section=BioAssay-Results</ref> 2C-H has been shown to inhibit MAO-B activity by over 50% in experiments.<ref name="WagmannBrandt2019">{{cite journal|last1=Wagmann|first1=Lea|last2=Brandt|first2=Simon D.|last3=Stratford|first3=Alexander|last4=Maurer|first4=Hans H.|last5=Meyer|first5=Markus R.|title=Interactions of phenethylamine-derived psychoactive substances of the 2C-series with human monoamine oxidases|journal=Drug Testing and Analysis|volume=11|issue=2|year=2019|pages=318–324|issn=19427603|doi=10.1002/dta.2494}}</ref>
There is no record of 2C-H trials in humans, as it would likely be destroyed by monoamine oxidase enzymes before causing any significant psychoactive effects.<ref name="PiHKAL">{{cite book|title=PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story|title-link=PiHKAL|author-link1=Alexander Shulgin|author1=Alexander Shulgin|author2=Ann Shulgin|year=1991|publisher=Transform Press|location=United States|isbn=0963009605|oclc=1166889264|chapter-url=https://erowid.org/library/books_online/pihkal/pihkal032.shtml|chapter=#32. 2C-H}}</ref> Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 2C-H. However, it has been shown to have binding affinity towards [[Serotonin#The_5-HT_system|5-HT2C]] and [[Serotonin#The_5-HT_system|5-HT2A]] [[receptor]]s in rats.<ref>{{cite web|title=2,5-Dimethoxyphenethylamine (compound): Biological Test Results|publisher=PubChem|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/76632#section=Biological-Test-Results|access-date=October 11, 2020}}</ref> 2C-H has been shown to inhibit MAO-B activity by over 50% in experiments.<ref name="WagmannBrandt2019">{{cite journal|last1=Wagmann|first1=Lea|last2=Brandt|first2=Simon D.|last3=Stratford|first3=Alexander|last4=Maurer|first4=Hans H.|last5=Meyer|first5=Markus R.|title=Interactions of phenethylamine-derived psychoactive substances of the 2C-series with human monoamine oxidases|pmid=30188017|journal=Drug Testing and Analysis|volume=11|issue=2|year=2019|pages=318–324|issn=1942-7603|doi=10.1002/dta.2494|eissn=1942-7611|oclc=231680670}}</ref>
==Subjective effects==
==Subjective effects==
{{effectStub}}
{{effectStub}}
The effects of 2C-H are reportedly inactive. Taking higher dosages could produce primarily stimulating in addition to empathogenic or hallucinogenic effects, in a fashion similar to those of its predecessor substance, [[phenethylamine]].
{{effects/base
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{{effects/visual|
{{effects/visual|
*'''[[Effect::Color enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Color enhancement]]''' - This effect is debated.
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The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 2C-H use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact [[Toxicity::toxic dose is unknown]]. This is because 2C-H is a [[research chemical]] with very little history of human usage.
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 2C-H use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact [[Toxicity::toxic dose is unknown]]. This is because 2C-H is a [[research chemical]] with very little history of human usage.
Anecdotal reports from those who have tried 2C-H suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the substance by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
Anecdotal reports from those who have tried 2C-H suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the substance by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). [https://www.duckduckgo.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]], such as [[volumetric dosing]], when using this substance so as to ensure the accurate administration of the intended dose.
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]], such as [[volumetric dosing]], when using this substance so as to ensure the accurate administration of the intended dose.
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
Although no formal studies have been conducted, it is not unreasonable to assume that as is the case with psychedelics in general, 2C-H is [[Addiction potential::not habit-forming]] and that the desire to use it can actually decrease with use.
Although no formal studies have been conducted, it is not unreasonable to assume that as is the case with psychedelics in general, 2C-H is [[Addiction potential::not habit-forming]] and that the desire to use it can actually decrease with use. However, it's stimulating properties do provide a possible risk of addiction which would be associated with other [[stimulants]].
Tolerance to the effects of 2C-H are built [[Time to full tolerance::almost immediately after ingestion]]. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3-5 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::7-10 days]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 2C-H presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[psychedelic]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of 2C-H all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.
Tolerance to the effects of 2C-H is built [[Time to full tolerance::almost immediately after ingestion]]. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3-5 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::7-10 days]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 2C-H may present cross-tolerance, although unlikely, with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[psychedelic]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of 2C-H all psychedelics will have a reduced effect. It may also produce tolerance to stimulants as well.
===Dangerous interactions===
===Dangerous interactions===
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Psychedelics}}
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Tramadol]]''' - Tramadol lowers the seizure threshold<ref>Talaie, H., Panahandeh, R., Fayaznouri, M. R., Asadi, Z., & Abdollahi, M. (2009). Dose-independent occurrence of seizure with tramadol. Journal of medical toxicology, 5(2), 63-67. doi:10.1007/BF03161089</ref> and [[psychedelics]] may act as triggers for seizures, particularly in those who are predisposed to them.{{citation needed}}
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Stimulants]]''' - Stimulants affect many parts of the brain. Combined with psychedelics, stimulation can turn into uncontrollable [[anxiety]], [[Panic attacks|panic]], [[thought loops]] and [[paranoia]]. This interaction may cause elevated risk of psychosis.{{citation needed}}
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Lithium]]''' - Lithium is often used as treatment for bipolar disorder. It may possibly cause elevated risk of seizures and psychosis due to its [[Glutamate|glutaminergic]] and [[GABA|GABAergic]] effects.{{citation needed}}
==Legal status==
==Legal status==
*'''Austria''': 2C-H is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich).{{citation needed}}
*'''Austria''': 2C-H is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich). In its Schedule II, the further specifying NPSV (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Verordnung Österreich) explicitly bans all substituted phenetylamines.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20007642|title=Bundesrecht konsolidiert: Gesamte Rechtsvorschrift für Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Verordnung|date=June 26, 2019|language=de|access-date=January 10, 2021}}</ref>
*'''Canada''': As of October 31st, 2016, 2C-H is a controlled substance (Schedule III) in Canada, and is thus illegal to possess, produce and sell.<ref>http://gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2016/2016-05-04/html/sor-dors72-eng.php</ref>
*'''Canada''': As of October 31st, 2016, 2C-H is a controlled substance (Schedule III) in Canada, and is thus illegal to possess, produce and sell.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2016/2016-05-04/html/sor-dors72-eng.php|title=Regulations Amending the Food and Drug Regulations (Part J — 2C-phenethylamines)|id=SOR/2016-72|issn=0045-4206|work=Canada Gazette Part II|volume=150|issue=9|publication-date=May 4, 2016|date=April 15, 2016|}}</ref>
*'''Germany''': 2C-H is controlled under the NpSG (''New Psychoactive Substances Act'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/anlage.html|title=Anlage NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of November 26, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl116s2615.pdf|title=Gesetz zur Bekämpfung der Verbreitung neuer psychoaktiver Stoffe|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref> Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not penalized.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__4.html|title=§ 4 NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref>
*'''Germany''': 2C-H is controlled under the NpSG<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/anlage.html|title=Anlage NpSG|publisher=Bundesamt für Justiz [Federal Office of Justice]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref> (''New Psychoactive Substances Act'') as of November 26, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl116s2615.pdf|title=Gesetz zur Bekämpfung der Verbreitung neuer psychoaktiver Stoffe|pages=2615-2622|issn=0341-1095|oclc=1004462279|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|date=November 21, 2016|publication-date=November 25, 2016|language=de|work=Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2016 Teil I Nr. 55}}</ref> Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person, placing it on the market and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not punishable.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__4.html|title=§ 4 NpSG|publisher=Bundesamt für Justiz [Federal Office of Justice]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__3.html|title=§ 3 NpSG|publisher=Bundesamt für Justiz [Federal Office of Justice]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref> The legislator considers it possible that orders of 2C-H are punishable as an incitement to place it on the market.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dip21.bundestag.de/dip21/btd/18/085/1808579.pdf|title=Gesetzentwurf der Bundesregierung: Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Bekämpfung der Verbreitung neuer psychoaktiver Stoffe|page=20|date=May 30, 2016|id=Drucksache 18/8579|publisher=Deutscher Bundestag|language=de}}</ref>
*'''Sweden''': 2C-H is classified as a hazardous substance.
*'''Switzerland''': 2C-H can be considered a controlled substance as a defined derivative of Phenethylamine under Verzeichnis E point 130. It is legal when used for scientific or industrial use.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>
*'''Switzerland''': 2C-H can be considered a controlled substance as a defined derivative of Phenethylamine under Verzeichnis E point 130. It is legal when used for scientific or industrial use.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>
*'''United Kingdom''': 2C-H is a Class A drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the phenethylamine catch-all clause.<ref>United Kingdom. (1977). Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (S.I. 1977/1243). London: The Stationery Office Limited. Retrieved July 5, 2017, from http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1977/1243/made</ref>
*'''Turkey:''' 2C-H is a classed as drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bakanlar Kurulu Kararı - Karar Sayısı : 2013/5742|url=https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/01/20140125-3.htm|publisher=Başbakanlık Mevzuatı Geliştirme ve Yayın Genel Müdürlüğü [General Directorate of Legislation Development and Publication]|publication-date=January 25, 2014|date=December 16, 2013|language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Kararnamenin Eki: Liste|url=https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/01/20140125-3-1.pdf|publisher=Başbakanlık Mevzuatı Geliştirme ve Yayın Genel Müdürlüğü [General Directorate of Legislation Development and Publication]|publication-date=January 25, 2014|date=December 16, 2013|language=tr|id=2013/5742|work=Resmî Gazete, Sayı: 28893}}</ref>
*'''United States''': As of July 9, 2012, 2C-H is a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States, under the Synthetic Drug Abuse Prevention Act of 2012.<ref>https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/fed_regs/rules/2013/fr0104.htm</ref>
*'''United Kingdom''': 2C-H is a Class A drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the phenethylamine catch-all clause.<ref>{{cite web|title=Schedule 2: Part I: Class A Drugs|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1971/38/schedule/2/part/I|work="Misuse of Drugs Act 1971"|access-date=August 20, 2020|publisher=UK Government}}</ref>
*'''United States''': As of July 9, 2012, 2C-H is a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States, under the Synthetic Drug Abuse Prevention Act of 2012.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/fed_regs/rules/2013/fr0104.htm|title=Establishment of Drug Codes for 26 Substances|work=Federal Register|volume=78|issue=3|publisher=Diversion Control Devision|pages=664-666|id=FR Doc No: 2012-31698|publication-date=January 4, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/112/s3187/text|title=S. 3187 (112<sup>th</sup>): Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act|date=June 27, 2012|access-date=October 10, 2020|publisher=GovTrack}}</ref>
WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.
DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.
2,5-Dimethoxyphenethylamine (also known as 2C-H) is a lesser-known psychoactive substance of the phenethylamine class. 2C-H belongs to the 2C-x family of substituted phenethylamines. However, it does not have any significant psychedelic properties and is primarily used as a precursor in the synthesis of other phenethylamines such as 2C-B, 2C-I, and 2C-N.
In PiHKAL, Shulgin lists both the dosage and duration as unknown, commenting that 2C-H is likely easily broken down by MAO enzymes in the liver and is thus probably inactive. However, there have since been some anecdotal reports that suggest it may be active when taken sublingually.[2] It is theorized to be orally active if taken in combination with a MAOI. However, it is unknown whether this would result in typical 2C-x psychedelic effects.
Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 2C-H. It is highly advised to use harm reduction practices when using this substance.
2C-H, or 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a substituted phenethylamine featuring a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH2) group through an ethyl chain. 2C-H contains methoxy functional groups CH3O- attached to carbons R2 and R5 as well as a hydrogen atom attached to carbon R4 of the phenyl ring. 2C-H belongs to the 2C family of phenethylamines which contain methoxy groups on the 2 and 5 positions of the benzene ring, and is also their simplest member. It is commonly used as a precursor to other compounds of the 2C family, including 2C-B, 2C-C, 2C-I, and 2C-N.
Pharmacology
There is no record of 2C-H trials in humans, as it would likely be destroyed by monoamine oxidase enzymes before causing any significant psychoactive effects.[3] Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 2C-H. However, it has been shown to have binding affinity towards 5-HT2C and 5-HT2Areceptors in rats.[4] 2C-H has been shown to inhibit MAO-B activity by over 50% in experiments.[5]
The effects of 2C-H are reportedly inactive. Taking higher dosages could produce primarily stimulating in addition to empathogenic or hallucinogenic effects, in a fashion similar to those of its predecessor substance, phenethylamine.
There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our experience index. Additional experience reports can be found here:
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 2C-H use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dose is unknown. This is because 2C-H is a research chemical with very little history of human usage.
Anecdotal reports from those who have tried 2C-H suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the substance by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices, such as volumetric dosing, when using this substance so as to ensure the accurate administration of the intended dose.
Tolerance and addiction potential
Although no formal studies have been conducted, it is not unreasonable to assume that as is the case with psychedelics in general, 2C-H is not habit-forming and that the desire to use it can actually decrease with use. However, it's stimulating properties do provide a possible risk of addiction which would be associated with other stimulants.
Tolerance to the effects of 2C-H is built almost immediately after ingestion. After that, it takes about 3-5 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 7-10 days to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 2C-H may present cross-tolerance, although unlikely, with [[Cross-tolerance::all psychedelics]], meaning that after the consumption of 2C-H all psychedelics will have a reduced effect. It may also produce tolerance to stimulants as well.
Dangerous interactions
Warning:Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following list provides some known dangerous interactions (although it is not guaranteed to include all of them).
Always conduct independent research (e.g. Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit.
[[Wikipedia:Lithium_(medication)|DangerousInteraction::Lithium]] - Lithium is commonly prescribed for the treatment of bipolar disorder. There is a large body of anecdotal evidence that suggests taking it with psychedelics significantly increases the risk of psychosis and seizures. As a result, this combination is strictly discouraged.
"[[UncertainInteraction" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]] - Cannabis may have an unexpectedly strong and unpredictable synergy with the effects of 2C-H. Caution is advised with this combination as it can significantly increase the risk of adverse psychological reactions like anxiety, paranoia, panic attacks, and psychosis. Users are advised to start off with only a fraction of their normal cannabis dose and take long breaks between hits to avoid unintentional overdose.
"[[UnsafeInteraction" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]] - Tramadol is well-documented to lower the seizure threshold[6] and psychedelics may act to trigger seizures in susceptible individuals.[citation needed]
Legal status
Austria: 2C-H is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich). In its Schedule II, the further specifying NPSV (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Verordnung Österreich) explicitly bans all substituted phenetylamines.[7]
Canada: As of October 31st, 2016, 2C-H is a controlled substance (Schedule III) in Canada, and is thus illegal to possess, produce and sell.[8]
Germany: 2C-H is controlled under the NpSG[9] (New Psychoactive Substances Act) as of November 26, 2016.[10] Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person, placing it on the market and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not punishable.[11][12] The legislator considers it possible that orders of 2C-H are punishable as an incitement to place it on the market.[13]
Sweden: 2C-H is classified as a hazardous substance.
Switzerland: 2C-H can be considered a controlled substance as a defined derivative of Phenethylamine under Verzeichnis E point 130. It is legal when used for scientific or industrial use.[14]
Turkey: 2C-H is a classed as drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.[15][16]
United Kingdom: 2C-H is a Class A drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the phenethylamine catch-all clause.[17]
United States: As of July 9, 2012, 2C-H is a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States, under the Synthetic Drug Abuse Prevention Act of 2012.[18][19]
↑Wagmann, Lea; Brandt, Simon D.; Stratford, Alexander; Maurer, Hans H.; Meyer, Markus R. (2019). "Interactions of phenethylamine-derived psychoactive substances of the 2C-series with human monoamine oxidases". Drug Testing and Analysis. 11 (2): 318–324. doi:10.1002/dta.2494. eISSN1942-7611. ISSN1942-7603. OCLC231680670. PMID30188017.
↑Talaie, H.; Panahandeh, R.; Fayaznouri, M. R.; Asadi, Z.; Abdollahi, M. (2009). "Dose-independent occurrence of seizure with tramadol". Journal of Medical Toxicology. 5 (2): 63–67. doi:10.1007/BF03161089. ISSN1556-9039.
↑"Bakanlar Kurulu Kararı - Karar Sayısı : 2013/5742" (in Türkçe). Başbakanlık Mevzuatı Geliştirme ve Yayın Genel Müdürlüğü [General Directorate of Legislation Development and Publication] (published January 25, 2014). December 16, 2013.
↑"Kararnamenin Eki: Liste"(PDF). Resmî Gazete, Sayı: 28893 (in Türkçe). Başbakanlık Mevzuatı Geliştirme ve Yayın Genel Müdürlüğü [General Directorate of Legislation Development and Publication] (published January 25, 2014). December 16, 2013. 2013/5742.
