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| colspan="2" cellpadding="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:7pt" | [[Image:25C-NBOMe.png|noframe|238px]]<br />The skeletal formula of 25C-NBOMe.
{{SubstanceBox/25C-NBOMe}}
|-
'''25C-NBOMe''' (also known as '''Cimbi-82''', '''NBOMe-2C-C''' and '''2C-C-NBOMe''') is a novel [[Psychoactive class::psychedelic]] substance of the [[chemical class::phenethylamine]] class. It is a member of the 25x-NBOMe series, a recently discovered group of potent psychedelic compounds derived from the [[2C-x]] family.
| style="font-size:9pt" | After effects|| style="font-size:9pt" |5 - 24 hrs
|}
The name 25C-NBOMe, which is short-hand for 2C-C-NBOMe, is a derivative of the phenethylamine psychedelic [[2C-C]]. It was discovered in 2003 by Ralf Heim at the Free University of Berlin,<ref name="Ralf Heim PhD. (2010-02-28)">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Heim, R.)) | title=Synthese und Pharmakologie potenter 5-HT2A-Rezeptoragonisten mit N-2 -Methoxybenzyl-Partialstruktur: Entwicklung eines neuen Struktur-Wirkungskonzepts | date= 2004 | url=https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/11995 | doi=10.17169/refubium-16193}}</ref> and subsequently investigated by a team at Purdue University led by [[David E. Nichols|David Nichols]].<ref name="Braden. (2007)">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Braden, M. R.)) | journal=Theses and Dissertations Available from ProQuest | title=Towards a biophysical understanding of hallucinogen action | pages=1–176 | date=1 January 2007 | url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?Ver=1&Exp=01-23-2014&FMT=7&DID=1417800971&RQT=309&attempt=1&cfc=1 | access-date=8 August 2012}}</ref> It has been studied in its radiolabelled form as a potential ligand for mapping the distribution of serotonin-2A receptors in the brain using positron emission tomography (PET).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Ettrup, A.)), ((Hansen, M.)), ((Santini, M. A.)), ((Paine, J.)), ((Gillings, N.)), ((Palner, M.)), ((Lehel, S.)), ((Herth, M. M.)), ((Madsen, J.)), ((Kristensen, J.)), ((Begtrup, M.)), ((Knudsen, G. M.)) | journal=European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging | title=Radiosynthesis and in vivo evaluation of a series of substituted 11C-phenethylamines as 5-HT2A agonist PET tracers | volume=38 | issue=4 | pages=681–693 | date= April 2011 | url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00259-010-1686-8 | issn=1619-7070 | doi=10.1007/s00259-010-1686-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Hansen, M.)) | date= 2010 | title=Design and Synthesis of Selective Serotonin Receptor Agonists for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of the Brain: PhD Thesis | publisher=Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen | isbn=9788792719003}}</ref> The first reports of human use appeared in 2010 following its appearance on the online [[research chemical]] market.
'''25C-NBOMe''' ('''2C-C-NBOMe''') is a derivative of the [[Phenethylamines|substituted phenethylamine]] [[Psychedelics|psychedelic]] [[2C-C]], discovered in 2003 by Ralf Heim at the Free University of Berlin,<ref name="Ralf Heim PhD. (2010-02-28)">Ralf Heim PhD. (2010-02-28) "Synthese und Pharmakologie potenter 5-HT2A-Rezeptoragonisten mit N-2-Methoxybenzyl-Partialstruktur. Entwicklung eines neuen Struktur-Wirkungskonzepts." | http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/diss/receive/FUDISS_thesis_000000001221 (in German). diss.fu-berlin.de. Retrieved 2013-05-10.</ref> and subsequently investigated by a team at Purdue University led by [[David E. Nichols|David Nichols]].<ref name="Michael Robert Braden PhD. (2007)">Michael Robert Braden PhD. (2007). "Towards a biophysical understanding of hallucinogen action." | http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?Ver=1&Exp=01-23-2014&FMT=7&DID=1417800971&RQT=309&attempt=1&cfc=1 Purdue University. Retrieved 2012-08-08.</ref> The chemical had no history of human use prior to being sold online as a [[designer drug]] in 2010.
[[Subjective effects]] include [[stimulation]], [[geometry|open and closed-eye visuals]], [[time distortion]], [[euphoria]], and [[ego loss]]. 25C-NBOMe's effects are sometimes compared to those of [[LSD]] or [[DOx]]. However, it is reported to have stronger visual effects and less cognitive and emotional effects like [[ego loss]] and [[introspection]]. Additionally, 25C-NBOMe is reported to be considerably more stimulating than other psychedelics. Serious side effects are more common and include [[nausea]], [[muscle tension]], [[anxiety]], cardiovascular effects, and [[seizures]].
It is worth noting that members of the [[25x-NBOMe|NBOMe]] series are not [[orally]] active and should be administered [[sublingual|sublingually]] (by holding it into one's mouth and allowing it to absorb over a period of 15 minutes). 25C-NBOMe can also be vaporized and inhaled for more rapid and powerful effects and a shorter duration. However, this route of administration is highly advised against due to the difficulties of measuring and handling substances that are active in the microgram range as it significantly increases the risk of overdose. 25C-NBOMe is also sometimes sold as a counterfeit version of LSD due to its similar effects and ability to be laid onto blotter paper.
Very little is known about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 25C-NBOMe. However, it has been associated with many deaths and hospitalizations which suggests that it has a significantly worse toxicity profile than classical psychedelics like [[LSD]] or [[psilocybin mushrooms]]. Along with its highly sensitive dose-response and unpredictable effects, many reports also suggest that this substance may be overly difficult to use safely. It is highly advised to use [[harm reduction practices]] if using this substance.
==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
[[File:25cnbome_and_2cc.png|500px|thumb|right|A comparison of 25C-NBOMe and 2C-C.]]
{{chemistry}}
25C-NBOMe or 2C-C-NBOMe is a serotonergic N-benzyl derivative of the substituted phenethylamine psychedelic known as 2C-C. It differs from 2C-C structurally through a substitution on the amine (NH2) with a 2-methoxybenzyl (BOMe) group as shown in the image to the right. This change in structure results in a sixteen fold increase in potency when compared to 2C-C, allowing even the most extreme of dosages to fit in liquid form onto tabs and blotter paper, which people often mistake for [[LSD]].
25C-NBOMe or 2C-C-NBOMe is a serotonergic N-benzyl derivative of the substituted phenethylamine psychedelic known as [[2C-C]]. 25C-NBOMe is a substituted phenethylamine with methoxy groups CH<sub>3</sub>O- attached to carbons R<sub>2</sub> and R<sub>5</sub> as well as a chlorine atom attached to carbon R<sub>4</sub>. It differs from 2C-C structurally through a substitution on the amine (NH2) with a 2-methoxybenzyl (BOMe) group as shown in the image to the right. 25C-NBOMe shares this 2-methoxybenzyl substitution with other chemicals of the NBOMe family. This NBOMe addition contains a methoxy ether CH<sub>3</sub>O- bound to a benzene ring at R<sub>2</sub>.
==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
25C-NBOMe has efficacy at the [[serotonin#The 5-HT System|5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptor]] where it acts as a [[Agonist#Agonists|partial agonist]].
{{pharmacology}}
{{Further|Serotonergic psychedelic}}
25C-NBOMe has efficacy at the [[serotonin#The 5-HT system|5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptor]] where it acts as a potent [[Agonist#Agonists|partial agonist]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Hansen, M.)), ((Phonekeo, K.)), ((Paine, J. S.)), ((Leth-Petersen, S.)), ((Begtrup, M.)), ((Bräuner-Osborne, H.)), ((Kristensen, J. L.)) | journal=ACS chemical neuroscience | title=Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of N-benzyl phenethylamines as 5-HT2A/2C agonists | volume=5 | issue=3 | pages=243–249 | date=19 March 2014 | issn=1948-7193 | doi=10.1021/cn400216u}}</ref> However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the [[psychedelic]] experience continues to remain elusive.
=Subjective effects=
In comparison to [[2C-C]], the addition of an NBOMe group to the structure results in a sixteen fold increase in potency, allowing even the most extreme of dosages to fit in liquid form onto tabs and blotter paper, which people often mistake for [[LSD]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Zuba, D.)), ((Sekuła, K.)), ((Buczek, A.)) | journal=Forensic Science International | title=25C-NBOMe--new potent hallucinogenic substance identified on the drug market | volume=227 | issue=1–3 | pages=7–14 | date=10 April 2013 | issn=1872-6283 | doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.08.027}}</ref> In comparison to LSD however it is only a third of the potency.<ref>{{Citation | title=Erowid 2C-C-NBOMe Vault : Dose/Dosage | url=https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/2cc_nbome/2cc_nbome_dose.shtml}}</ref>
The physical effects of 25C-NBOMe can be broken down into six components all of which progressively intensify proportional to dosage. These are described below and generally include:
*'''[[Physical effects: Sublingual numbing|Sublingual numbing]]''' - assuming the substance has been taken sublingually, the very first physical effect which a person will notice immediately after sublingual absorption is a strong, unpleasant metallic chemical taste. This is accompanied by a very obvious feeling of general numbness of the tongue and mouth which can stay for up to an hour after the blotter paper has been consumed. This is the key difference when it comes to determining whether your blotter paper contains LSD or one of the NBOMe series.
*'''[[Physical effects: Spontaneous tactile sensations|Spontaneous tactile sensations]]''' - the body high itself can be described as a generally mild, all-encompassing, soft but euphoric tingling sensation. This tingling sensation is also accompanied by spontaneous rushes of euphoria that become longer and more drawn out proportional to the dosage consumed.
*'''[[Physical effects: Decreased bodily weight|Decreased bodily weight]]''' - in terms of the body’s perceived weight, this substance consistently leaves people feeling extremely light, often to the point of total weightlessness.
*'''[[Physical effects: Stimulation|Stimulation]]''' - in terms of its effects on the physical energy levels of the tripper, 25C-NBOMe is usually considered to be energetic and stimulating, but it can be considered less stimulating when compared to [[25I-NBOMe]]. For most people, this substance induces a unique type of physical stimulation which can be described as feeling extremely energetic but in a way which does not force the tripper to move unless they genuinely choose to do so. For others however, the stimulation can be quite uncontrollable, occasionally resulting in bodily shakes and a grinding of the teeth comparable to that of [[MDMA]] and traditional stimulants such as [[amphetamine]], but this is manifested much less consistently when compared to [[25I-NBOMe]]
*'''[[Physical effects: Vasoconstriction|Vasoconstriction]]''' - it is worth noting that an undetermined percentage of people who experiment with this drug will experience negative physical side effects, such as a temporary difficulty in urinating and vasoconstriction. This is defined as the narrowing of the blood vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels and is triggered through the way in which 25I-NBOMe’s target receptor (5-HT<sub>2A</sub>) modulates both vasoconstriction and vasodilation among its many other functions.
*'''[[Physical effects: Nausea|Nausea]]''' - as the tripper begins to come up, nausea is not uncommon and can sometimes result in initial vomiting, but passes once this has either happened or the trip begins to fully set in. In comparison to other psychedelics such as [[psilocin]], [[LSD]], [[2C-E]] and [[2C-I]], this could actually be very considered very mild in its intensity.
The head space of 25C-NBOMe is described by many as remarkably light and underwhelming in comparison to the classical psychedelics. It is not uncommon for people to report feeling that their thought stream has maintained general normality in its specific style throughout low to moderate dosages. At high dosages however, mild to overwhelming cognitive alterations become present, this dosage seems to be lower in proportion to physical effects when compared to [[25I-NBOMe]].
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
{{effects/base
The most prominent of these cognitive effects generally include:
|{{effects/physical|
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Introspection|Introspection]]''' - this component is consistently manifested only in the context of a non social setting in which the user is alone.
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - 25C-NBOMe is considered to be very energetic and stimulating. The physical stimulation manifested by this substance can be described as similar to [[2C-B]] , and is commonly experienced as simultaneously easygoing and physically difficult, sometimes presenting overstimulation which results in bodily shakes and teeth grinding. The levels of stimulation are reported to be more intense than classical psychedelics but less intense than [[25I-NBOMe]], of which it is described as mildly sedating by comparison.
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Increased empathy, love and sociability|Increased empathy, love and sociability]]''' - the [[Entactogens|entactogenic]] effects range from mild to powerful, but are inconsistently manifested, entactogenic effects for people who try this substance usually become prominent in the presence of others. These feelings of increased sociability, love and empathy do not seem to be quite as strong or profound as those found within other [[entactogen|entactogens]] (such as [[MDMA]], [[2C-B]] and [[AMT]])
*'''[[Effect::Mouth numbing]]''' - Assuming the substance has been taken [[sublingual|sublingually]], the very first physical effect which a user will notice is a strong, unpleasant metallic chemical taste. This is accompanied by a very obvious feeling of general numbness of the tongue and mouth which can stay for up to an hour after the blotter paper has been consumed. This is the key difference when it comes to determining whether one's blotter paper contains LSD or one of the NBOMe series.
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Acceleration of thought|Acceleration of thought]]'''
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Time distortion|Time distortion]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous bodily sensations]]''' - The "body high" itself can be described as a generally mild, all-encompassing, soft but euphoric tingling sensation. This tingling sensation is also accompanied by spontaneous rushes of euphoria that become longer and more drawn out proportional to the dosage consumed.
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Feelings of fascination, importance and awe|Feelings of fascination, importance and awe]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Perception of bodily lightness]]''' - In terms of the body’s perceived weight, this substance consistently leaves people feeling extremely light, often to the point of total weightlessness.
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Connectivity of thought|Connectivity of thought]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Changes in felt gravity]]''' - Compared to classic [[tryptamines]], this effect is considerably less intense than what is commonly experienced with [[DMT]] and [[psilocin]].
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Enhancement of current mind state|Enhancement of current mind state]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Nausea]]''' - As the user begins to come up, nausea is not uncommon and can sometimes result in initial vomiting, but passes once this has either happened or the trip begins to fully set in. In comparison to other [[psychedelic]]s such as [[psilocin]], [[LSD]], [[2C-E]] and [[2C-I]], this could actually be very considered very mild in its intensity.
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Removal of cultural filter|Removal of cultural filter]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Abnormal heartbeat]]'''
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Ego suppression, loss and death|Ego suppression, loss and death]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Muscle contractions]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Muscle cramps]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Muscle tension]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Gustatory hallucination]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Vasoconstriction]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Stomach cramps]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dehydration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dry mouth]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Difficulty urinating]]''' or '''[[Effect::Frequent urination]]'''
The visual distortions and alterations which are experienced are detailed below:
*'''[[Effect::Drifting]]''' ''([[Drifting#Melting|melting]], [[Drifting#Flowing|flowing]], [[Drifting#Breathing|breathing]] and [[Drifting#morphing|morphing]])'' - In comparison to other psychedelics this effect can be described as highly detailed, slow and smooth in motion, static in appearance and unrealistic/cartoon-like in style.
*'''[[Visual effects: Drifting|Drifting]]''' ''([[Visual effects: Drifting#Melting|Melting]], [[Visual effects: Drifting#Flowing|Flowing]], [[Visual effects: Drifting#Breathing|Breathing]] and [[Visual effects: Drifting# morphing|morphing]])'' - In comparison to other psychedelics this effect can be described as highly detailed, slow and smooth in motion, static in their appearance and unrealistic/ cartoon like in style.
The visual geometry that is present throughout this trip is often described as very similar in appearance to that of [[LSD]]. They can be comprehensively described as algorithmic in geometric style, intricate in complexity, fine and zoomed out in detail, fast and smooth in motion, structured in shape, colourful in scheme, glossy in colour, sharp around the edges and mostly rounded across their corners. In comparison to other more commonly used psychedelics they can be described as significantly more intricate than the visual geometry found within [[2C-I]] and most of the [[2C-x]] family in general as well as completely on par with [[LSD]], [[Psilocin]] and [[DMT]] at appropriately high dosages, which seem lower in proportion to the accompanying physical effects when compared to that of [[25I-NBOMe]].
25C-NBOMe visual geometry is often described as very similar in appearance to that of [[LSD]]. They can be comprehensively described as algorithmic in geometric style, intricate in complexity, fine and zoomed out in detail, fast and smooth in motion, structured in shape, colourful in scheme, glossy in colour, sharp around the edges and mostly rounded across their corners. In comparison to other more commonly used psychedelics, they can be described as significantly more intricate than the visual geometry found within [[2C-I]] and most of the [[2C-x]] family in general as well as completely on par with [[LSD]], [[Psilocin]] and [[DMT]] at appropriately high dosages, which seem lower in proportion to the accompanying physical effects when compared to that of [[25I-NBOMe]].
In terms of their behaviour, 25C-NBOMe’s geometry leads onto [[Visual effects - Psychedelics#7A - Exposure to entirety of neurological structure|Level 7A]] visual geometry with [[Visual effects - Psychedelics#7B - Exposure to inner mechanics of human consciousness|Level 7B]] remaining so far unconfirmed within this substance. They also seem to consistently build up in visual intensity when the tripper stares at a central point. This eventually envelops the visual field and creates the sensation that the tripper has broken through into a continuously shifting geometric landscape or structure with a vast sense of immersive physical size attributed to it.
The behavior of 25C-NBOMe geometry leads to [[Effect::Level 8A]] visual geometry with [[Level 8B]] remaining so far unconfirmed within this substance. They also seem to consistently build up in visual intensity when the user stares at a central point. This eventually envelopes the visual field and creates the sensation that the user has broken through into a continuously shifting geometric landscape or structure with a vast sense of immersive physical size attributed to it.
25C-NBOMe is capable of producing a full range of hallucinatory states within the level 1 - 3 range extremely consistently. However, level 4 [[Visual effects - Psychedelics#Hallucinations|hallucinatory breakthroughs]] are reported but very uncommon and inconsistent in comparison to other more commonly used psychedelics such as [[psilocin]], [[2C-E]] and [[DMT]]. This can be considered as on par with and iedntical in behaviour to that of [[LSD]] and [[25I-NBOMe]].
25C-NBOMe is capable of producing a full range of hallucinatory states within the level 1 - 3 range extremely consistently. However, level 4 - 5 [[Internal hallucinations|hallucinatory breakthroughs]] are reported but very uncommon and inconsistent in comparison to other more commonly used psychedelics such as [[psilocin]], [[2C-E]] and [[DMT]]. This can be considered as on par with and identical in behaviour to that of [[LSD]] and [[25I-NBOMe]].
*'''[[Visual effects: Internal hallucinations (psychedelic)|Internal hallucinations]]''' - this particular effect commonly contains hallucinations with with scenarios, settings, concepts and autonomous entity contact. They are more common within dark environments and can be described as internal in their manifestation, lucid in believability, interactive in style and almost exclusively of religious, spiritual, mystical or a transcendental nature in their overall theme.
*'''[[Effect::Internal hallucination]]''' - (''[[effect::autonomous entities]]''; ''[[effect::settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]''; ''[[effect::perspective hallucinations]]'' and ''[[effect::scenarios and plots]]'') These are more common within dark environments and can be described as internal in their manifestation, lucid in believability, interactive in style and almost exclusively of a personal, religious, spiritual, science-fiction, fantasy, surreal, nonsensical or transcendental nature in their overall theme.
*'''[[Effect::External hallucination]]''' - (''[[effect::autonomous entities]]''; ''[[effect::settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]''; ''[[effect::perspective hallucinations]]'' and ''[[effect::scenarios and plots]]''). These are often manifesting as rapidly moving, interactive solid and typically asymmetrical matter or physical beings reflecting imagined concepts. They are more common in bright environments and can be described as external in their manifestation, equally lucid and delirious in believability, interactive in style, autonomous in interaction, and almost exclusively alien, mystical, or a transcendental nature in their overall theme.
}}
|{{effects/cognitive|
The cognitive effects of 25C-NBOMe are commonly described as being notably light and underwhelming in comparison to more traditional [[psychedelics]]. It is not uncommon for user to report feeling that their thought stream has maintained a normality in style throughout low to moderate dosages. At high dosages, however, mild to overwhelming cognitive alterations become present; this dosage seems to be lower in proportion to physical effects when compared to [[25I-NBOMe]].
*'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]''' - This effect is generally only present at low doses.
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]''' and '''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]''' - Although one of 25C-NBOME's effects is thought acceleration, the opposite may occur at higher doses.
*'''[[Effect::Conceptual thinking]]''' - This effect is considered to be very mild compared to traditional psychedlics.
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]''' & '''[[Effect::Paranoia]]''' - This effect seems to occur more readily than other psychedelics, perhaps due to its very prominent stimulating properties
*'''[[Effect::Feelings of impending doom]]''' - This is generally only experienced during the comedown period or if one has taken a large amount of the substance.
*'''[[Effect::Empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement]]''' - The [[entactogenic]] effects range from mild to powerful, but are inconsistently manifested. Entactogenic effects for people who try this substance usually become prominent in the presence of others. These feelings of increased sociability, love and empathy do not seem to be quite as strong or profound as those found within other [[entactogen|entactogens]] (such as [[MDMA]], [[2C-B]] and [[AMT]])
25C-NBOMe is a relatively new substance, and little is known about its pharmacological risks or its interaction with other substances. The [[LD50]] has not yet been determined.<ref name="Fatalities / Deaths"> "Fatalities / Deaths". Erowid. April 26 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2013. | http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/2ci_nbome/2ci_nbome_death.shtml</ref> [[PsychonautWiki:About|PW]] advises that due to 25C-NBOMe's extreme potency it should not be snorted as this method of administration appears to have led to several deaths in the past year.<ref>http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/2ci_nbome/2ci_nbome.shtml/</ref>
{{effects/multisensory|
In terms of its addictive potential, 25C-NBOMe has not been studied formally but due to its immediate tolerance build up, which lasts up to 2 - 3 weeks after the experience, it is difficult to use this substance compulsively.
*'''[[Effect::Dosage independent intensity]]''' - While the reasons for this are not understood, many reports suggest that this substance can produce unexpectedly strong or weak effects even when taken at the seemingly same dose in an unpredictable manner.{{citation needed}} This may contribute to the relative risk it is poses compared to most other psychedelics.
*'''[[Effect::Synaesthesia]]''' - In its fullest manifestation, this is a very rare and non-reproducible effect. Increasing the dosage can increase the likelihood of this occurring, but seems to only be a prominent part of the experience among those who are already predisposed to synaesthetic states.
=Legal issues=
}}
{{effects/transpersonal|
Transpersonal effects on 25C-NBOMe are thought to occur with less frequency than classical psychedelics such as [[LSD]], [[psilocybin mushrooms]], and [[mescaline]].
*'''UK:''' The 25x-NBOMe series is under a temporary class drug order, lasting one year from 10th June 2013.<ref name="'NBOMe' and 'Benzofury' banned "> 'NBOMe' and 'Benzofury' banned | https://www.gov.uk/government/news/nbome-and-benzofury-to-be-banned/</ref>
*'''[[Effect::Existential self-realization]]'''
*'''USA:''' 25C-NBOMe is technically unscheduled under federal law, but could be considered an analogue of 2C-C and therefore a Schedule I drug.
*'''[[Effect::Unity and interconnectedness]]'''
=See Also=
}}
}}
===Experience reports===
Anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]] include:
{{further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential|Responsible use #Hallucinogens}}
25C-NBOMe is a relatively new substance, and little is known about its pharmacological risks or its interaction with other substances. The [[LD50|LD<sub>50</sub>]] has not yet been determined although it can be [[Toxicity::fatal at heavy dosages]].<ref name="25Cfatal">{{Citation | title=Erowid 2C-C-NBOMe (25C-NBOMe) Vault : Fatalities / Deaths | url=https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/2cc_nbome/2cc_nbome_death.shtml}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Tarpgaard, M.)), ((Mærkedahl, R.)), ((Lauridsen, K. B.)) | journal=Ugeskrift for Laeger | title=[Fatal intoxication with the new designer drug 25C-NBOMe] | volume=177 | issue=35 | pages=V09140523 | date=24 August 2015 | issn=1603-6824}}</ref><ref name="Grautoff2014">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Grautoff, S.)), ((Kähler, J.)) | journal=Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin Und Notfallmedizin | title=[Near fatal intoxication with the novel psychoactive substance 25C-NBOMe] | volume=109 | issue=4 | pages=271–275 | date= May 2014 | issn=2193-6226 | doi=10.1007/s00063-014-0360-5}}</ref>
It is advised that due to 25C-NBOMe's extreme potency it should not be insufflated (snorted) as this method of administration has been attributed to several fatal overdoses due to improper dosing.<ref name="25Cfatal">{{Citation | title=Erowid 2C-C-NBOMe (25C-NBOMe) Vault : Fatalities / Deaths | url=https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/2cc_nbome/2cc_nbome_death.shtml}}</ref><ref name="Grautoff2014"/>
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.
===Dependence and abuse potential===
25C-NBOMe is [[Addiction potential::not habit-forming]], and the desire to use it can actually decrease with use. It is most often self-regulating.
Tolerance to the effects of 25C-NBOMe is built [[Time to full tolerance::almost immediately after ingestion]]. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::7 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::14 days]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 25C-NBOMe presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[psychedelic]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of 25C-NBOMe all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.
===Overdose===
{{NBOMeOD}}
===Dangerous interactions===
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
{{DangerousInteractions/NBOMe}}
==Legal status==
*'''Austria''': Since June 26, 2019, 25C-NBOMe is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the SMG. (Suchtmittelgesetz Österreich)<ref>https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblAuth/BGBLA_2019_II_167/BGBLA_2019_II_167.pdfsig</ref>
*'''Brazil''': Possession, production and sale is illegal as it is listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344.<ref>http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/documents/10181/3115436/%281%29RDC_130_2016_.pdf/fc7ea407-3ff5-4fc1-bcfe-2f37504d28b7</ref>
*'''Canada''': 25C-NBOMe would be considered Schedule III as it is a derivative of 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine.<ref>{{Citation | vauthors=((Branch, L. S.)) | year=2022 | title=Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act | url=https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/page-12.html}}</ref>
*'''China''': As of October 2015 25C-NBOMe is a controlled substance in China.<ref>关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知 | http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html</ref>
*'''Germany''': 25C-NBOMe is controlled under Anlage I BtMG (Narcotics Act, Schedule I) as of December 13, 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl114s1999.pdf#__bgbl__%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl114s1999.pdf%27%5D__1576023093735|title=Achtundzwanzigste Verordnung zur Änderung betäubungsmittelrechtlicher Vorschriften|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|access-date=December 11, 2019|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_i.html|title=Anlage I BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 11, 2019|language=de}}</ref> It is illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, buy, sell, procure or dispense it without a license.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/__29.html|title=§ 29 BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 11, 2019|language=de}}</ref>
*'''Israel''': The NBOMe series of psychoactives became controlled in Israel in May, 2013.<ref name="ErowidNBOMEVault">{{Citation | title=Erowid NBOMe Series Vault : Legal Status | url=https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/nbome/nbome_law.shtml}}</ref>
*'''Italy''': 25C-NBOMe is a Schedule 1 controlled substance in Italy, meaning it is illegal to possess, distribute, and manufacture.<ref>Tabella 1 Stupefacenti dello Stato Italiano |http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pagineAree_3729_listaFile_itemName_0_file.pdf</ref>
*'''Japan''': 25C-NBOMe is a narcotic drug in Japan effective November 1st, 2015.<ref>{{Citation | title=新たに４物質を麻薬に指定し、規制の強化を図ります ｜報道発表資料｜厚生労働省 | publisher=厚生労働省 [Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)] | url=https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/houdou/0000098723.html | access-date=2 May 2022}}</ref>
*'''Latvia''': 25C-NBOMe is a Schedule I controlled substance.<ref>{{Citation | title=Zaudējis spēku - Noteikumi par Latvijā kontrolējamajām narkotiskajām vielām, psihotropajām vielām un prekursoriem | url=https://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=121086}}</ref>
*'''New Zealand''': 25C-NBOMe was sold as a designer drug in New Zealand in early 2012, but was withdrawn from sale after a statement by Associate Health Minister Peter Dunne that 25C-NBOMe would be considered to be substantially similar in chemical structure to the illegal hallucinogen DOB, and was therefore a Class C controlled drug analogue.<ref>{{Citation | year=2012 | title=“Legal high” DIME not so legal | url=https://www.sciencemediacentre.co.nz/2012/03/13/legal-high-dime-not-so-legal/}}</ref>
*'''Russia''': Russia became the first country to regulate the NBOME class. The entire NBOMe series of psychoactives became controlled in the Russian Federation starting October, 2011.<ref name="ErowidNBOMEVault" /><ref>Постановление Правительства Российской Федерации от 6 октября 2011 г. N 822 г. Москва | http://www.rg.ru/2011/10/19/narko-dok.html</ref>
*'''Sweden''': 25C-NBOMe is classed as Schedule I.<ref>{{Citation | title=Läkemedelsverkets författningssamling | url=https://www.lakemedelsverket.se/sv/lagar-och-regler/foreskrifter}}</ref>
*'''Switzerland''': 25C-NBOMe is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis D.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>
*'''Turkey:''' 25C-NBOMe is a classed as drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.<ref name="Bakanlar Kurulu Kararı - Karar Sayısı : 2013/5742">{{Citation | title=Başbakanlık Mevzuatı Geliştirme ve Yayın Genel Müdürlüğü | url=https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/01/20140125-3.htm}}</ref> <ref name="List of illegal substances for law"> https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/01/20140125-3-1.pdf}}</ref>
*'''United Kingdom''': 25C-NBOMe is a Class A drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the N-benzylphenethylamine catch-all clause.<ref>{{Citation | title=The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Ketamine etc.) (Amendment) Order 2014 | url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2014/1106/made}}</ref>
*'''United States''': Several NBOMe series compounds will be temporarily scheduled in the United States for 2 years with the possibility of an additional year. The temporary scheduling applies to 25C-NBOMe, 25B-NBOMe, and 25I-NBOMe.<ref>DEA proposed rules | http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-10-10/pdf/2013-24432.pdf</ref>
*[http://disregardeverythingisay.com/post/60874119182/25c-nbome-broken-down-and-described 25C-NBOMe, broken down and described (Disregard Everything I Say)]
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Psychedelic]]
[[Category:25x-NBOMe]]
[[Category:Research chemical]]
{{#set:Featured=true}}
Latest revision as of 23:35, 21 April 2024
25C-NBOMe can be fatal at heavy doses (as low as 4mg).[1]
It is strongly discouraged to take large amounts of this substance or to insufflate (snort) it. Please see this section for more details.
WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.
DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.
25C-NBOMe (also known as Cimbi-82, NBOMe-2C-C and 2C-C-NBOMe) is a novel psychedelic substance of the phenethylamine class. It is a member of the 25x-NBOMe series, a recently discovered group of potent psychedelic compounds derived from the 2C-x family.
The name 25C-NBOMe, which is short-hand for 2C-C-NBOMe, is a derivative of the phenethylamine psychedelic 2C-C. It was discovered in 2003 by Ralf Heim at the Free University of Berlin,[2] and subsequently investigated by a team at Purdue University led by David Nichols.[3] It has been studied in its radiolabelled form as a potential ligand for mapping the distribution of serotonin-2A receptors in the brain using positron emission tomography (PET).[4][5] The first reports of human use appeared in 2010 following its appearance on the online research chemical market.
It is worth noting that members of the NBOMe series are not orally active and should be administered sublingually (by holding it into one's mouth and allowing it to absorb over a period of 15 minutes). 25C-NBOMe can also be vaporized and inhaled for more rapid and powerful effects and a shorter duration. However, this route of administration is highly advised against due to the difficulties of measuring and handling substances that are active in the microgram range as it significantly increases the risk of overdose. 25C-NBOMe is also sometimes sold as a counterfeit version of LSD due to its similar effects and ability to be laid onto blotter paper.
Very little is known about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 25C-NBOMe. However, it has been associated with many deaths and hospitalizations which suggests that it has a significantly worse toxicity profile than classical psychedelics like LSD or psilocybin mushrooms. Along with its highly sensitive dose-response and unpredictable effects, many reports also suggest that this substance may be overly difficult to use safely. It is highly advised to use harm reduction practices if using this substance.
25C-NBOMe or 2C-C-NBOMe is a serotonergic N-benzyl derivative of the substituted phenethylamine psychedelic known as 2C-C. 25C-NBOMe is a substituted phenethylamine with methoxy groups CH3O- attached to carbons R2 and R5 as well as a chlorine atom attached to carbon R4. It differs from 2C-C structurally through a substitution on the amine (NH2) with a 2-methoxybenzyl (BOMe) group as shown in the image to the right. 25C-NBOMe shares this 2-methoxybenzyl substitution with other chemicals of the NBOMe family. This NBOMe addition contains a methoxy ether CH3O- bound to a benzene ring at R2.
25C-NBOMe has efficacy at the 5-HT2A receptor where it acts as a potent partial agonist.[6] However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the psychedelic experience continues to remain elusive.
In comparison to 2C-C, the addition of an NBOMe group to the structure results in a sixteen fold increase in potency, allowing even the most extreme of dosages to fit in liquid form onto tabs and blotter paper, which people often mistake for LSD.[7] In comparison to LSD however it is only a third of the potency.[8]
Subjective effects
Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWikicontributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
Physical effects
Stimulation - 25C-NBOMe is considered to be very energetic and stimulating. The physical stimulation manifested by this substance can be described as similar to 2C-B , and is commonly experienced as simultaneously easygoing and physically difficult, sometimes presenting overstimulation which results in bodily shakes and teeth grinding. The levels of stimulation are reported to be more intense than classical psychedelics but less intense than 25I-NBOMe, of which it is described as mildly sedating by comparison.
Mouth numbing - Assuming the substance has been taken sublingually, the very first physical effect which a user will notice is a strong, unpleasant metallic chemical taste. This is accompanied by a very obvious feeling of general numbness of the tongue and mouth which can stay for up to an hour after the blotter paper has been consumed. This is the key difference when it comes to determining whether one's blotter paper contains LSD or one of the NBOMe series.
Spontaneous bodily sensations - The "body high" itself can be described as a generally mild, all-encompassing, soft but euphoric tingling sensation. This tingling sensation is also accompanied by spontaneous rushes of euphoria that become longer and more drawn out proportional to the dosage consumed.
Perception of bodily lightness - In terms of the body’s perceived weight, this substance consistently leaves people feeling extremely light, often to the point of total weightlessness.
Nausea - As the user begins to come up, nausea is not uncommon and can sometimes result in initial vomiting, but passes once this has either happened or the trip begins to fully set in. In comparison to other psychedelics such as psilocin, LSD, 2C-E and 2C-I, this could actually be very considered very mild in its intensity.
Drifting(melting, flowing, breathing and morphing) - In comparison to other psychedelics this effect can be described as highly detailed, slow and smooth in motion, static in appearance and unrealistic/cartoon-like in style.
25C-NBOMe visual geometry is often described as very similar in appearance to that of LSD. They can be comprehensively described as algorithmic in geometric style, intricate in complexity, fine and zoomed out in detail, fast and smooth in motion, structured in shape, colourful in scheme, glossy in colour, sharp around the edges and mostly rounded across their corners. In comparison to other more commonly used psychedelics, they can be described as significantly more intricate than the visual geometry found within 2C-I and most of the 2C-x family in general as well as completely on par with LSD, Psilocin and DMT at appropriately high dosages, which seem lower in proportion to the accompanying physical effects when compared to that of 25I-NBOMe.
The behavior of 25C-NBOMe geometry leads to Level 8A visual geometry with Level 8B remaining so far unconfirmed within this substance. They also seem to consistently build up in visual intensity when the user stares at a central point. This eventually envelopes the visual field and creates the sensation that the user has broken through into a continuously shifting geometric landscape or structure with a vast sense of immersive physical size attributed to it.
Hallucinatory states
25C-NBOMe is capable of producing a full range of hallucinatory states within the level 1 - 3 range extremely consistently. However, level 4 - 5 hallucinatory breakthroughs are reported but very uncommon and inconsistent in comparison to other more commonly used psychedelics such as psilocin, 2C-E and DMT. This can be considered as on par with and identical in behaviour to that of LSD and 25I-NBOMe.
External hallucination - (autonomous entities; settings, sceneries, and landscapes; perspective hallucinations and scenarios and plots). These are often manifesting as rapidly moving, interactive solid and typically asymmetrical matter or physical beings reflecting imagined concepts. They are more common in bright environments and can be described as external in their manifestation, equally lucid and delirious in believability, interactive in style, autonomous in interaction, and almost exclusively alien, mystical, or a transcendental nature in their overall theme.
Cognitive effects
The cognitive effects of 25C-NBOMe are commonly described as being notably light and underwhelming in comparison to more traditional psychedelics. It is not uncommon for user to report feeling that their thought stream has maintained a normality in style throughout low to moderate dosages. At high dosages, however, mild to overwhelming cognitive alterations become present; this dosage seems to be lower in proportion to physical effects when compared to 25I-NBOMe.
Conceptual thinking - This effect is considered to be very mild compared to traditional psychedlics.
Anxiety & Paranoia - This effect seems to occur more readily than other psychedelics, perhaps due to its very prominent stimulating properties
Feelings of impending doom - This is generally only experienced during the comedown period or if one has taken a large amount of the substance.
Empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement - The entactogenic effects range from mild to powerful, but are inconsistently manifested. Entactogenic effects for people who try this substance usually become prominent in the presence of others. These feelings of increased sociability, love and empathy do not seem to be quite as strong or profound as those found within other entactogens (such as MDMA, 2C-B and AMT)
Dosage independent intensity - While the reasons for this are not understood, many reports suggest that this substance can produce unexpectedly strong or weak effects even when taken at the seemingly same dose in an unpredictable manner.[citation needed] This may contribute to the relative risk it is poses compared to most other psychedelics.
Synaesthesia - In its fullest manifestation, this is a very rare and non-reproducible effect. Increasing the dosage can increase the likelihood of this occurring, but seems to only be a prominent part of the experience among those who are already predisposed to synaesthetic states.
Transpersonal effects on 25C-NBOMe are thought to occur with less frequency than classical psychedelics such as LSD, psilocybin mushrooms, and mescaline.
This toxicity and harm potential section is a stub.
As a result, it may contain incomplete or even dangerously wrong information! You can help by expanding upon or correcting it. Note: Always conduct independent research and use harm reduction practices if using this substance.
25C-NBOMe is a relatively new substance, and little is known about its pharmacological risks or its interaction with other substances. The LD50 has not yet been determined although it can be fatal at heavy dosages.[1][9][10]
It is advised that due to 25C-NBOMe's extreme potency it should not be insufflated (snorted) as this method of administration has been attributed to several fatal overdoses due to improper dosing.[1][10]
25C-NBOMe is not habit-forming, and the desire to use it can actually decrease with use. It is most often self-regulating.
Tolerance to the effects of 25C-NBOMe is built almost immediately after ingestion. After that, it takes about 7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 14 days to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 25C-NBOMe presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all psychedelics]], meaning that after the consumption of 25C-NBOMe all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.
Overdose
Due to the very high potency and seemingly unpredictable effects the margin between a normal and an overdose of NBOMe compounds is extremely small when compared to many other substances. The exact toxic dose is unclear since it seems to depend a lot on personal physiology, rather than predominantly dose. However, various anecdotal reports suggest that dangerous side effects begin to appear when exceeding 1000 μg and it possibly becoming lethal for the more sensitive people at roughly 2000 μg. Reports of other people surviving much higher doses, sometimes even without any major side effects have been documented as well.
There is also the uncertainty of dosage on blotter paper since it is rather difficult to lay such an exact dosage. Insufflating, vaporizing or drinking tinctures of this substance is highly discouraged because of this and has been tied to many documented deaths[11][1][12]. One study found that 25I‐NBOMe and 25C‐NBOMe blotter papers contained 'hotspots' with higher quantities of the drug, implying an inherent risk of overdosing.[13]
Warning:Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following list provides some known dangerous interactions (although it is not guaranteed to include all of them).
Always conduct independent research (e.g. Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit.
Due to the highly unpredictable nature of the NBOMe series, it is generally advised to avoid mixing them with other psychoactive substances.
2C-T-X - The 2C-T-X phenethylamines can be unpredictable in their interactions and the NBOMes are known to be unpredictable even alone. As a result, this combination should be avoided.
5-MeO-xxt - The 5-MeO tryptamines can be unpredictable in their interactions and the NBOMes are known to be unpredictable even alone. As a result, this combination should be avoided.
Amphetamines - Amphetamines and NBOMes both provide considerable stimulation. When combined they can result in tachycardia, hypertension, vasoconstriction and, in extreme cases, heart failure. The anxiogenic and focusing effects of stimulants are also not good in combination with psychedelics as they can lead to unpleasant thought loops. NBOMes are known to cause seizures and stimulants can increase this risk.
aMT
Caffeine - Caffeine can bring out the natural stimulation from psychedelic drugs to make it uncomfortable. High doses can cause anxiety which is hard to handle while tripping.
Cannabis - Cannabis has an unexpectedly strong and unpredictable synergy with the effects of psychedelics. Caution is advised with this combination as it can significantly increase the risk of adverse psychological reactions like anxiety, paranoia, panic attacks, and psychosis. Users are advised to start off with only a fraction of their normal cannabis dose and take long breaks between hits to avoid over intake.
Cocaine - Cocaine and NBOMes both provide considerable stimulation. When combined they can result in severe vasoconstriction, tachycardia, hypertension, and in extreme cases heart failure.
MAOIs - MAO-B inhibitors can increase the potency and duration of phenethylamines unpredictably.
MDMA
MXE - As an NMDA antagonist, MXE potentiates NBOMes which can be unpleasantly intense.
Tramadol - Tramadol is well known to lower seizure threshold and NBOMes have also shown a tendency to cause severe seizures
Legal status
Austria: Since June 26, 2019, 25C-NBOMe is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the SMG. (Suchtmittelgesetz Österreich)[18]
Brazil: Possession, production and sale is illegal as it is listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344.[19]
Canada: 25C-NBOMe would be considered Schedule III as it is a derivative of 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine.[20]
China: As of October 2015 25C-NBOMe is a controlled substance in China.[21]
Germany: 25C-NBOMe is controlled under Anlage I BtMG (Narcotics Act, Schedule I) as of December 13, 2014.[22][23] It is illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, buy, sell, procure or dispense it without a license.[24]
Israel: The NBOMe series of psychoactives became controlled in Israel in May, 2013.[25]
Italy: 25C-NBOMe is a Schedule 1 controlled substance in Italy, meaning it is illegal to possess, distribute, and manufacture.[26]
Japan: 25C-NBOMe is a narcotic drug in Japan effective November 1st, 2015.[27]
Latvia: 25C-NBOMe is a Schedule I controlled substance.[28]
New Zealand: 25C-NBOMe was sold as a designer drug in New Zealand in early 2012, but was withdrawn from sale after a statement by Associate Health Minister Peter Dunne that 25C-NBOMe would be considered to be substantially similar in chemical structure to the illegal hallucinogen DOB, and was therefore a Class C controlled drug analogue.[29]
Russia: Russia became the first country to regulate the NBOME class. The entire NBOMe series of psychoactives became controlled in the Russian Federation starting October, 2011.[25][30]
Switzerland: 25C-NBOMe is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis D.[32]
Turkey: 25C-NBOMe is a classed as drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.[33][34]
United Kingdom: 25C-NBOMe is a Class A drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the N-benzylphenethylamine catch-all clause.[35]
United States: Several NBOMe series compounds will be temporarily scheduled in the United States for 2 years with the possibility of an additional year. The temporary scheduling applies to 25C-NBOMe, 25B-NBOMe, and 25I-NBOMe.[36]
↑Hansen, M. (2010). Design and Synthesis of Selective Serotonin Receptor Agonists for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of the Brain: PhD Thesis. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen. ISBN9788792719003.
↑Hansen, M., Phonekeo, K., Paine, J. S., Leth-Petersen, S., Begtrup, M., Bräuner-Osborne, H., Kristensen, J. L. (19 March 2014). "Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of N-benzyl phenethylamines as 5-HT2A/2C agonists". ACS chemical neuroscience. 5 (3): 243–249. doi:10.1021/cn400216u. ISSN1948-7193.
↑Zuba, D., Sekuła, K., Buczek, A. (10 April 2013). "25C-NBOMe--new potent hallucinogenic substance identified on the drug market". Forensic Science International. 227 (1–3): 7–14. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.08.027. ISSN1872-6283.
↑Tarpgaard, M., Mærkedahl, R., Lauridsen, K. B. (24 August 2015). "[Fatal intoxication with the new designer drug 25C-NBOMe]". Ugeskrift for Laeger. 177 (35): V09140523. ISSN1603-6824.
↑ 10.010.1Grautoff, S., Kähler, J. (May 2014). "[Near fatal intoxication with the novel psychoactive substance 25C-NBOMe]". Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin Und Notfallmedizin. 109 (4): 271–275. doi:10.1007/s00063-014-0360-5. ISSN2193-6226.
