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{{headerpanel|{{Approval}}}}
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{{SummarySheet}}
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{{SubstanceBox/Honokiol}}
Not sure if this substance/botany entry would be best suited as "Magnolia", "Magnolia bark", "Magnolia officinalis", "Magnolol", "Honokiol", or another title.
Not sure if this substance/botany entry would be best suited as "Magnolia", "Magnolia bark", "Magnolia officinalis", "Magnolol", "Honokiol", or another title.
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==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
It is believed that honokiol acts on GABAA receptors similarly to benzodiazepines and Z-drugs. However, honokiol has been shown to achieve anxiolysis with fewer motor or cognitive side effects than GABAA receptor agonists such as flurazepam and diazepam. It has been shown that honokiol likely has a higher selectivity for different GABAA receptor subtypes and both magnolol and honokiol showed higher efficacy when acting on receptors containing δ subunits. GABAA receptors control ligand-gated Cl− channels that can help increase seizure thresholds through the influx of chloride anions. Honokiol may also affect the synthesis of GABA. In a study where mice received seven daily injections of honokiol, researchers observed a mild increase in hippocampal levels of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67) an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of GABA. However, the increase was within the margin of error for the method used to quantify the protein. Honokiol and magnolol have also been found to act as agonists at the cannabinoid receptors with significant affinity for the CB2 receptor.
{{pharmacology}}
{{pharmacology}}
Latest revision as of 06:37, 30 March 2022
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Not sure if this substance/botany entry would be best suited as "Magnolia", "Magnolia bark", "Magnolia officinalis", "Magnolol", "Honokiol", or another title.
Both modern and historical anecdotal evidence as well as a substantial body of scientific literature supports the psychotropic potential and pharmacological bioactivity of alkaloids in the bark of Magnolia species. Although it is undoubtedly less psychoactive than many of the plant species described on this wiki, it is also notably more active than many other OTC plant-based health supplements, and can produce noticeable acute changes in perception and consciousness with reasonable doses, without the need for the advanced extraction methods necessary to render many botanical compounds sufficiently bioavailable to produce substantial effects.
As a result, it may contain incomplete or wrong information. You can help by expanding it.
Chemistry
Magnolia Bark contains two main psychoactive compounds, Honokiol and Magnolol, which belongs to a class of neolignan biphenols. Honokiol and Magnolol are positional isomers, only differing by the position of one Hydroxyl group. They are hydrophobic and readily dissolved in lipids.
It is believed that honokiol acts on GABAA receptors similarly to benzodiazepines and Z-drugs. However, honokiol has been shown to achieve anxiolysis with fewer motor or cognitive side effects than GABAA receptor agonists such as flurazepam and diazepam. It has been shown that honokiol likely has a higher selectivity for different GABAA receptor subtypes and both magnolol and honokiol showed higher efficacy when acting on receptors containing δ subunits. GABAA receptors control ligand-gated Cl− channels that can help increase seizure thresholds through the influx of chloride anions. Honokiol may also affect the synthesis of GABA. In a study where mice received seven daily injections of honokiol, researchers observed a mild increase in hippocampal levels of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67) an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of GABA. However, the increase was within the margin of error for the method used to quantify the protein. Honokiol and magnolol have also been found to act as agonists at the cannabinoid receptors with significant affinity for the CB2 receptor.
Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWikicontributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
This toxicity and harm potential section is a stub.
As a result, it may contain incomplete or even dangerously wrong information! You can help by expanding upon or correcting it. Note: Always conduct independent research and use harm reduction practices if using this substance.
Warning:Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following list provides some known dangerous interactions (although it is not guaranteed to include all of them).
Always conduct independent research (e.g. Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit.
