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{{SummarySheet}}
{{SummarySheet}}
{{SubstanceBox/AB-CHMINACA}}
{{Talk:SubstanceBox/AB-CHMINACA}}
'''AB-CHMINACA''' ('''N-[(2S)-1-Amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)indazole-3-carboxamide''') is a drug that acts as a potent agonist for the [[Psychoactive class::cannabinoid]] [[receptor]]s which produces subjective effects somewhat similar to that of [[cannabis]]. It was developed by Pfizer and disclosed in a 2009 patent<ref>(WO2009106980) INDAZOLE DERIVATIVES (Patentscope) | https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2009106980</ref> as a potential [[analgesic]] medication, but was never pursued for human use. It was first found in US customs seizures in February 2014 as a shipment of a kilogram of the chemical originating from China, and detected in herbal blends from March 2014.<ref>Drug and Chemical Evaluation Section, Office of Diversion Control, Drug Enforcement Administration (December 2014). "N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (AB-CHMINACA), N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (AB-PINACA) and[1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl](naphthalen-1-yl)methanone(THJ-2201) - Background Information and Evaluation of 'Three Factor Analysis' (Factors 4, 5, and 6) for Temporary Scheduling". | https://www.grassley.senate.gov/sites/default/files/news/upload/3-factor%20analysis%20AB-CHMINACA%20AB-PINACA%20THJ2201%2012172014.pdf</ref>
'''AB-CHMINACA''' ('''N-[(2S)-1-Amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)indazole-3-carboxamide''') is a drug that acts as a potent agonist for the [[Psychoactive class::cannabinoid]] [[receptor]]s which produces subjective effects somewhat similar to that of [[cannabis]]. It was developed by Pfizer and disclosed in a 2009 patent<ref>(WO2009106980) INDAZOLE DERIVATIVES (Patentscope) | https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2009106980</ref> as a potential [[analgesic]] medication, but was never pursued for human use. It was first found in US customs seizures in February 2014 as a shipment of a kilogram of the chemical originating from China, and detected in herbal blends from March 2014.<ref>Drug and Chemical Evaluation Section, Office of Diversion Control, Drug Enforcement Administration (December 2014). "N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (AB-CHMINACA), N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (AB-PINACA) and[1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl](naphthalen-1-yl)methanone(THJ-2201) - Background Information and Evaluation of 'Three Factor Analysis' (Factors 4, 5, and 6) for Temporary Scheduling". | https://www.grassley.senate.gov/sites/default/files/news/upload/3-factor%20analysis%20AB-CHMINACA%20AB-PINACA%20THJ2201%2012172014.pdf</ref>
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Unlike [[cannabis]], the chronic abuse of [[synthetic cannabinoids]] has been [[Synthetic_cannabinoid#Deaths|associated with multiple deaths]] and [[Synthetic cannabinoid#Harm potential|more dangerous side effects and toxicity]] in general. Therefore, it is strongly discouraged to take this substance for extended periods of time or in excessive doses.
Unlike [[cannabis]], the chronic abuse of [[synthetic cannabinoids]] has been [[Synthetic_cannabinoid#Deaths|associated with multiple deaths]] and [[Synthetic cannabinoid#Harm potential|more dangerous side effects and toxicity]] in general. Therefore, it is strongly discouraged to take this substance for extended periods of time or in excessive doses.
==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
AB-CHMINACA, or N-[(2S)-1-Amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)indazole-3-carboxamide, is a synthetic [[Chemical class::indazole cannabinoid]] drug as it contains a substituted indazole core. A cyclohexylmethyl group is bound to this indazole core at R<sub>1</sub> of the indazole. This indazole is substituted at R<sub>3</sub> with a carboxamide group. The terminal amine of this carboxamide is bonded to a substituted propyl chain with an aminocarbonyl group at R<sub>1</sub> and a methyl group at R<sub>2</sub>.
AB-CHMINACA, or N-[(2S)-1-Amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)indazole-3-carboxamide, is a synthetic [[Chemical class::indazolecarboxamide]] drug as it contains a substituted indazole core. A cyclohexylmethyl group is bound to this indazole core at R<sub>1</sub> of the indazole. This indazole is substituted at R<sub>3</sub> with a carboxamide group. The terminal amine of this carboxamide is bonded to a substituted propyl chain with an aminocarbonyl group at R<sub>1</sub> and a methyl group at R<sub>2</sub>.
==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
{{pharmacology}}
AB-CHMINACA is a selective CB1 receptor agonist, being approximately 30 times more active at CB1 over CB2. The reported EC<sub>50</sub> values are 7.4 ± 1.5nM at CB1 and 232.4 ± 231.2nM at CB2.<ref>Wiley JL, Marusich JA, Lefever TW, et al. AB-CHMINACA, AB-PINACA, and FUBIMINA: Affinity and Potency of Novel Synthetic Cannabinoids in Producing Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol–Like Effects in Mice. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2015;354(3):328-339. doi:10.1124/jpet.115.225326. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4538877/</ref>
AB-CHMINACA is a selective CB1 receptor agonist, being approximately 30 times more active at CB1 over CB2. The reported EC<sub>50</sub> values are 7.4 ± 1.5nM at CB1 and 232.4 ± 231.2nM at CB2.<ref>Wiley JL, Marusich JA, Lefever TW, et al. AB-CHMINACA, AB-PINACA, and FUBIMINA: Affinity and Potency of Novel Synthetic Cannabinoids in Producing Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol–Like Effects in Mice. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2015;354(3):328-339. doi:10.1124/jpet.115.225326. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4538877/</ref>
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*'''[[Effect::Sedation]]''' - Generally, the effects on the user's energy levels are primarily sedating. This encourages one to relax, and (at higher doses) fall asleep. This can be suppressed by simply forcing oneself to engage in physical activities.
*'''[[Effect::Sedation]]''' - Generally, the effects on the user's energy levels are primarily sedating. This encourages one to relax, and (at higher doses) fall asleep. This can be suppressed by simply forcing oneself to engage in physical activities.
*'''[[Effect::Motor control loss]]''' - This substance causes a partial to moderate suppression of motor control which intensifies proportional to dose but rarely results in a complete inability to walk and perform basic movements.
*'''[[Effect::Motor control loss]]''' - This substance causes a partial to moderate suppression of motor control which intensifies proportional to dose but rarely results in a complete inability to walk and perform basic movements.
*'''[[Effect::Appetite enhancement]]''' - As with many other cannabinoids, AB-CHMINACA causes an increase in appetite<ref>Mechoulam, R. (1984). Cannabinoids as therapeutic agents. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-5772-1.</ref>, known colloquially as "the munchies" in popular American and United Kingdom culture. Clinical studies and survey data have found that cannabis increases food enjoyment and interest in food.<ref>How Marijuana Works | http://science.howstuffworks.com/marijuana4.htm</ref> This is thought to be due to the way in which endocannabinoids in the hypothalamus activate cannabinoid receptors that are responsible for maintaining food intake.<ref>How Marijuana Works | http://science.howstuffworks.com/marijuana4.htm</ref>
*'''[[Effect::Appetite enhancement]]''' - As with many other cannabinoids, AB-CHMINACA causes an increase in appetite<ref>Mechoulam, R. (1984). Cannabinoids as therapeutic agents. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-5772-1.</ref>, known colloquially as "the munchies" in popular American and United Kingdom culture. Clinical studies and survey data have found that cannabis increases food enjoyment and interest in food.<ref name="HMW">How Marijuana Works | http://science.howstuffworks.com/marijuana4.htm</ref> This is thought to be due to the way in which endocannabinoids in the hypothalamus activate cannabinoid receptors that are responsible for maintaining food intake.<ref name="HMW"></ref>
*'''[[Effect::Changes in gravity]]''' - AB-CHMINACA can cause vertigo with which the environment appears to be spinning or oscillating. At moderate doses, it can spontaneously induce the sensation of falling, which can be overwhelming and uncomfortable.
*'''[[Effect::Changes in gravity]]''' - AB-CHMINACA can cause vertigo with which the environment appears to be spinning or oscillating. At moderate doses, it can spontaneously induce the sensation of falling, which can be overwhelming and uncomfortable.
*'''[[Effect::Perception of bodily heaviness]]''' ''or'' '''[[Perception of bodily lightness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Perception of bodily heaviness]]''' ''or'' '''[[Perception of bodily lightness]]'''
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*'''[[Effect::Dream suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dream suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Psychosis]]''' - The prolonged usage of synthetic [[cannabinoids]] may increase one's disposition to psychosis<ref>Causal association between cannabis and psychosis: examination of the evidence - The British Journal of Psychiatry Jan 2004, 184 (2) 110-117 | http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/184/2/110.short</ref>, particularly in vulnerable individuals with risk factors for psychotic illnesses (like a past or family history of schizophrenia).<ref>Every-Palmer, S. [[Synthetic cannabinoid]] use and psychosis: an explorative study. Journal of Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2011.</ref><ref>“Spice” Girls: Synthetic Cannabinoid Intoxication - The Journal of Emergency Medicine Volume 40, Issue 3, March 2011, Pages 296–299 (ScienceDirect) | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736467910008802</ref><ref>A Teenager With Agitation: Higher Than She Should Have Climbed - Pediatric Emergency Care: June 2010 - Volume 26 - Issue 6 - pp 462-465 | http://journals.lww.com/pec-online/Abstract/2010/06000/A_Teenager_With_Agitation__Higher_Than_She_Should.16.aspx</ref>
*'''[[Effect::Psychosis]]''' - The prolonged usage of synthetic [[cannabinoids]] may increase one's disposition to psychosis<ref name="Arseneault2004">Causal association between cannabis and psychosis: examination of the evidence - The British Journal of Psychiatry Jan 2004, 184 (2) 110-117 | http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/184/2/110.short</ref>, particularly in vulnerable individuals with risk factors for psychotic illnesses (like a past or family history of schizophrenia).<ref name="Every-Palmer2011">Every-Palmer, S. [[Synthetic cannabinoid]] use and psychosis: an explorative study. Journal of Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2011.</ref><ref name="Schneir2011">“Spice” Girls: Synthetic Cannabinoid Intoxication - The Journal of Emergency Medicine Volume 40, Issue 3, March 2011, Pages 296–299 (ScienceDirect) | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736467910008802</ref><ref name="Vearrier2010">A Teenager With Agitation: Higher Than She Should Have Climbed - Pediatric Emergency Care: June 2010 - Volume 26 - Issue 6 - pp 462-465 | http://journals.lww.com/pec-online/Abstract/2010/06000/A_Teenager_With_Agitation__Higher_Than_She_Should.16.aspx</ref>
*'''[[Effect::Personal meaning enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Personal meaning enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]'''
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}}
}}
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}}
===Experience reports===
===Experience reports===
There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]]. Additional experience reports can be found here:
There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]]. Additional experience reports can be found here:
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It is worth noting that this compound has been linked to multiple hospitalizations and deaths due to its use.<ref>Synthetic Cannabinoid–Related Illnesses and Deaths | http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1505328</ref><ref>Suicide attempt with a mix of [[synthetic cannabinoids]] and synthetic cathinones: Case report of non-fatal intoxication with AB-CHMINACA, AB-FUBINACA, alpha-PHP, alpha-PVP and 4-CMC | http://www.fsijournal.org/article/S0379-0738(16)00037-2/abstract</ref>
It is worth noting that this compound has been linked to multiple hospitalizations and deaths due to its use.<ref>Synthetic Cannabinoid–Related Illnesses and Deaths | http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1505328</ref><ref>Suicide attempt with a mix of [[synthetic cannabinoids]] and synthetic cathinones: Case report of non-fatal intoxication with AB-CHMINACA, AB-FUBINACA, alpha-PHP, alpha-PVP and 4-CMC | http://www.fsijournal.org/article/S0379-0738(16)00037-2/abstract</ref>
It has often been recommended that those with severe pre-existing mental conditions should not ingest these substances due to the way they strongly increase [[emotion enhancement|one's current state of mind and emotions]]. Also, like [[THC]], prolonged usage of synthetic [[cannabinoids]] may increase one's disposition to mental illness and psychosis<ref>Causal association between cannabis and psychosis: examination of the evidence - The British Journal of Psychiatry Jan 2004, 184 (2) 110-117 | http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/184/2/110.short</ref>, particularly in vulnerable individuals with risk factors for psychotic illnesses (like a past or family history of schizophrenia).<ref>Every-Palmer, S. [[Synthetic cannabinoid]] use and psychosis: an explorative study. Journal of Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2011.</ref><ref>“Spice” Girls: Synthetic Cannabinoid Intoxication - The Journal of Emergency Medicine Volume 40, Issue 3, March 2011, Pages 296–299 (ScienceDirect) | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736467910008802</ref><ref>A Teenager With Agitation: Higher Than She Should Have Climbed - Pediatric Emergency Care: June 2010 - Volume 26 - Issue 6 - pp 462-465 | http://journals.lww.com/pec-online/Abstract/2010/06000/A_Teenager_With_Agitation__Higher_Than_She_Should.16.aspx</ref>
It has often been recommended that those with severe pre-existing mental conditions should not ingest these substances due to the way they strongly increase [[emotion enhancement|one's current state of mind and emotions]]. Also, like [[THC]], prolonged usage of synthetic [[cannabinoids]] may increase one's disposition to mental illness and psychosis<ref name="Arseneault2004"></ref>, particularly in vulnerable individuals with risk factors for psychotic illnesses (like a past or family history of schizophrenia).<ref name="Every-Palmer2011"></ref><ref name="Schneir2011"></ref><ref name="Vearrier2010"></ref>
As synthetic cannabinoids are active in the milligram range (with below 1mg being a typical dose for AB-CHMINACA), it is important to [[Dosage|use proper precautions when dosing]] to avoid a negative experience.
As synthetic cannabinoids are active in the milligram range (with below 1mg being a typical dose for AB-CHMINACA), it is important to [[Dosage|use proper precautions when dosing]] to avoid a negative experience.
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==Legal status==
==Legal status==
*'''Brazil:''' On August 21, 2018, AB-CHMINACA was added to Portaria SVS/MS nº 344. Possession, distribution and use of this substance is now considered illegal.<ref>List of controlled substances: Portaria SVS/MS nº 344 (Portuguese) | http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/lista-de-substancias-sujeitas-a-controle-especial</ref>
*'''Brazil''': On August 21, 2018, AB-CHMINACA was added to Portaria SVS/MS nº 344. Possession, distribution and use of this substance is now considered illegal.<ref>List of controlled substances: Portaria SVS/MS nº 344 (Portuguese) | http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/lista-de-substancias-sujeitas-a-controle-especial</ref>
*'''China:''' As of October 2015, AB-CHMINACA is a controlled substance in China.<ref>关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知 | http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html</ref>
*'''China''': As of October 2015, AB-CHMINACA is a controlled substance in China.<ref>关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知 | http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html</ref>
*'''Germany:''' On May 18, 2015 AB-CHMINACA was added to Anlage II of the BtMG, making it illegal to manufacture, import, possess, sell, or transfer it without a license.<ref>Neunundzwanzigste Verordnung zur Änderung betäubungsmittelrechtlicher Vorschriften (29. BtMÄndV)| https://www.buzer.de/gesetz/11573/index.htm</ref><ref>http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_ii.html</ref>
*'''Germany:''' AB-CHMINACA is controlled under Anlage II BtMG (''Narcotics Act, Schedule II'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_ii.html|title=Anlage II BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 30, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of May 23, 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl115s0723.pdf|title=Neunundzwanzigste Verordnung zur Änderung betäubungsmittelrechtlicher Vorschriften|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|work=Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2015 Teil I Nr. 19|pages=723-724|publication-date=May 22, 2015|access-date=December 19, 2019|language=de}}</ref> It is illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, buy, sell, procure or dispense it without a license.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/__29.html|title=§ 29 BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 19, 2019|language=de}}</ref>
*'''United Kingdom:''' AB-CHMINACA is a class B drug under the third-generation synthetic cannabinoids generic definition, which came into effect on the 14th December 2016. It is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import. <ref>The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2016 (Legislation.gov.uk) | http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2016/1109/made</ref>
*'''Switzerland''': AB-CHMINACA is a controlled substance.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Der Bundesrat|access-date=December 29, 2019|language=de}}</ref>
*'''United States:''' In January 2015, AB-CHMINACA was designated as a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States.<ref>Federal Register Vol. 80 No. 20, Friday January 30, 2015. "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of Three Synthetic Cannabinoids Into Schedule I" (GPO.gov) | https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2015-01-30/pdf/2015-01776.pdf</ref>
*'''United Kingdom''': AB-CHMINACA is a Class B controlled substance under the third-generation synthetic cannabinoids generic definition, which came into effect on December 14, 2016. It is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import. <ref>The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2016 (Legislation.gov.uk) | http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2016/1109/made</ref>
*'''United States''': In January 2015, AB-CHMINACA was designated as a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States.<ref>Federal Register Vol. 80 No. 20, Friday January 30, 2015. "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of Three Synthetic Cannabinoids Into Schedule I" (GPO.gov) | https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2015-01-30/pdf/2015-01776.pdf</ref>
This article is in the 'Talk' namespace because it is an unfinished draft. This section is used to host drafts for unpublished articles as well as discussions for published ones. If you'd like to use this area to discuss this draft, please do so in the 'Discussion' section at the very bottom of the page. This notice will be removed once this draft has been approved for publication by an administrator.
It may contain incorrect information, particularly with respect to dosage, duration, subjective effects, toxicity and other risks. It may also not meet PW style and grammar standards.
WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.
DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.
AB-CHMINACA (N-[(2S)-1-Amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)indazole-3-carboxamide) is a drug that acts as a potent agonist for the cannabinoidreceptors which produces subjective effects somewhat similar to that of cannabis. It was developed by Pfizer and disclosed in a 2009 patent[1] as a potential analgesic medication, but was never pursued for human use. It was first found in US customs seizures in February 2014 as a shipment of a kilogram of the chemical originating from China, and detected in herbal blends from March 2014.[2]
Cannabinoids are commonly smoked or vaporized to achieve a quick onset of effects and rapid offset. Like other cannabinoids, AB-CHMINACA is insoluble in water but dissolves in ethanol and lipids.
AB-CHMINACA, or N-[(2S)-1-Amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)indazole-3-carboxamide, is a synthetic indazolecarboxamide drug as it contains a substituted indazole core. A cyclohexylmethyl group is bound to this indazole core at R1 of the indazole. This indazole is substituted at R3 with a carboxamide group. The terminal amine of this carboxamide is bonded to a substituted propyl chain with an aminocarbonyl group at R1 and a methyl group at R2.
AB-CHMINACA is a selective CB1 receptor agonist, being approximately 30 times more active at CB1 over CB2. The reported EC50 values are 7.4 ± 1.5nM at CB1 and 232.4 ± 231.2nM at CB2.[3]
Subjective effects
Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWikicontributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
Physical effects
Spontaneous physical sensations - The "body high" of AB-CHMINACA may be described as a warm, soft, pleasurable, all-encompassing tingling sensation that spreads over the body after initial ingestion. It maintains a consistent presence that quickly rises with the onset and hits its limit once the peak has been reached before immediately dissipating. At high doses, this can become uncomfortably intense.
Sedation - Generally, the effects on the user's energy levels are primarily sedating. This encourages one to relax, and (at higher doses) fall asleep. This can be suppressed by simply forcing oneself to engage in physical activities.
Motor control loss - This substance causes a partial to moderate suppression of motor control which intensifies proportional to dose but rarely results in a complete inability to walk and perform basic movements.
Appetite enhancement - As with many other cannabinoids, AB-CHMINACA causes an increase in appetite[4], known colloquially as "the munchies" in popular American and United Kingdom culture. Clinical studies and survey data have found that cannabis increases food enjoyment and interest in food.[5] This is thought to be due to the way in which endocannabinoids in the hypothalamus activate cannabinoid receptors that are responsible for maintaining food intake.[5]
Changes in gravity - AB-CHMINACA can cause vertigo with which the environment appears to be spinning or oscillating. At moderate doses, it can spontaneously induce the sensation of falling, which can be overwhelming and uncomfortable.
Emotion enhancement - The most prominent cognitive component of cannabinoids is the way in which they enhance the emotions one is already feeling proportional to dose. This can result in euphoria, extreme laughter, and increased immersion within tasks and activities, or it can result in anxiety and paranoia depending on the user's current state of mind.
Psychosis - The prolonged usage of synthetic cannabinoids may increase one's disposition to psychosis[6], particularly in vulnerable individuals with risk factors for psychotic illnesses (like a past or family history of schizophrenia).[7][8][9]
There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our experience index. Additional experience reports can be found here:
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational AB-CHMINACA use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dosage is unknown. This is because AB-CHMINACA has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried AB-CHMINACA within the community suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). Informal experiments have shown that overdose will cause physical discomfort including heart palpitations, vertigo and sedation at much lower than dangerous doses, usually causing the user to suffer large amounts of anxiety or to fall asleep.
It is worth noting that this compound has been linked to multiple hospitalizations and deaths due to its use.[10][11]
It has often been recommended that those with severe pre-existing mental conditions should not ingest these substances due to the way they strongly increase one's current state of mind and emotions. Also, like THC, prolonged usage of synthetic cannabinoids may increase one's disposition to mental illness and psychosis[6], particularly in vulnerable individuals with risk factors for psychotic illnesses (like a past or family history of schizophrenia).[7][8][9]
As synthetic cannabinoids are active in the milligram range (with below 1mg being a typical dose for AB-CHMINACA), it is important to use proper precautions when dosing to avoid a negative experience.
As with other synthetic cannabinoids, the chronic use of AB-CHMINACA can be considered moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and withdrawal effects may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.
Tolerance to many of the effects of AB-CHMINACA develops with prolonged and repeated use. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about 3 - 7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 1 - 2 weeks to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). AB-CHMINACA presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all cannabinoids]], meaning that after the consumption of AB-CHMINACA all cannabinoids will have a reduced effect.
Legal status
Brazil: On August 21, 2018, AB-CHMINACA was added to Portaria SVS/MS nº 344. Possession, distribution and use of this substance is now considered illegal.[12]
China: As of October 2015, AB-CHMINACA is a controlled substance in China.[13]
Germany: AB-CHMINACA is controlled under Anlage II BtMG (Narcotics Act, Schedule II)[14] as of May 23, 2015.[15] It is illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, buy, sell, procure or dispense it without a license.[16]
Switzerland: AB-CHMINACA is a controlled substance.[17]
United Kingdom: AB-CHMINACA is a Class B controlled substance under the third-generation synthetic cannabinoids generic definition, which came into effect on December 14, 2016. It is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import. [18]
United States: In January 2015, AB-CHMINACA was designated as a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States.[19]
↑Drug and Chemical Evaluation Section, Office of Diversion Control, Drug Enforcement Administration (December 2014). "N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (AB-CHMINACA), N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (AB-PINACA) and[1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl](naphthalen-1-yl)methanone(THJ-2201) - Background Information and Evaluation of 'Three Factor Analysis' (Factors 4, 5, and 6) for Temporary Scheduling". | https://www.grassley.senate.gov/sites/default/files/news/upload/3-factor%20analysis%20AB-CHMINACA%20AB-PINACA%20THJ2201%2012172014.pdf
↑Wiley JL, Marusich JA, Lefever TW, et al. AB-CHMINACA, AB-PINACA, and FUBIMINA: Affinity and Potency of Novel Synthetic Cannabinoids in Producing Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol–Like Effects in Mice. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2015;354(3):328-339. doi:10.1124/jpet.115.225326. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4538877/
↑Mechoulam, R. (1984). Cannabinoids as therapeutic agents. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-5772-1.
