View source for Conversion of CBD to THC by heat

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| <div class="icon">[[File:Yellow-warning-sign1.svg|50px|link=]]</div> ||  <p class="title"><span style="color:#8B8000">'''THC produced from converted CBD is very potent'''</span></p>
It is nearly impossible to guesstimate the potency from home-made extraction, but even low potent extract significantly increases the risk of a psychosis compared to consumption of potent cannabis buds. However, [[synthetic cannabinoid]]s, unlike natural psychoactive ones like THC, have been attributed to significantly more deaths, with cases like MDMB-FUBINACA exceeding 1,000 hospitalizations and 40 deaths.
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See also: [[Conversion of CBD to THC with citric acid and water-based extraction]], and [[conversion of CBD to THC with zeolite]]

==Legality==
{{Disclaimer}}

In order to convert CBD to THC legally, both compounds have to be legal in the country, state, or territory, where the cooking is taking place.

===CBD/CBDA legality===

====CBD/CBDA is currently not scheduled by any United Nations treaty====
CBD, and CBD acid (CBDA), is currently not scheduled by any United Nations treaty, but it is possible that CBD will be added as a THC precursor in the future to the ''United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances''.

====Countries and territories that have criminalized CBD====
Since the discovery that CBD is a precursor for THC, a few govermnents have criminalized CBD.

*'''Hong Kong''': <span style="color:red">Illegal</span> in Hong Kong since 1st February 2023, punishable by 7 years imprisonment.<ref>https://hongkongfp.com/2023/02/01/cannabis-compound-cbd-now-banned-in-hong-kong-7-year-jail-term-for-possession-to-match-meth-cocaine/</ref>

===THC/THCA legality===

====THC/THCA is scheduled under United Nations treaty====
THC, and THC acid (THCA), is scheduled under the United Nations treaty.

====Countries and territories that have legalized cannabis====
However, cannabis has been legalized for possession, cultivation and use in private in a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis few countries] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legalization_of_non-medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States states].

===Legality===
The compounds for manufacturing in the US could be considered analogs of THC, in which case, sales or possession intended for human consumption could be prosecuted under the Federal Analog Act.

==Recipe==

{{mbox|type=notice|text=The tables in the sub-sections show ideal temperature and time, and still a significant amount of CBD is not converted to psychoactive cannabinoids. If you heat the CBD longer, the psychoactive cannabinoids that were produced early will break down.}}

"The four most intense products, namely Δ9-THC, Δ8-THC, cannabichromene and cannabinol account for more than 95% of the decomposition products at 250 and 300 °C pyrolysis temperatures in inert atmosphere. Under oxidative conditions an additional product, cannabielsoin appeared. The ratio of the aforementioned five decomposition products is more than 80% under oxidative conditions up to 300 °C."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Czégény |first1=Z |last2=Nagy |first2=G |last3=Babinszki |first3=B |last4=Bajtel |first4=Á |last5=Sebestyén |first5=Z |last6=Kiss |first6=T |last7=Csupor-Löffler |first7=B |last8=Tóth |first8=B |last9=Csupor |first9=D |title=CBD, a precursor of THC in e-cigarettes. |journal=Scientific reports |date=26 April 2021 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=8951 |doi=10.1038/s41598-021-88389-z |pmid=33903673 |pmc=8076212}}</ref>

Δ9-THC = THC. Δ8-THC is less potent than Δ9-THC.

===Simple recipe===

Product distribution of CBD at various temperatures in ''oxidative'' (O) atmosphere.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: auto; text-align: center;"
|-
!Compound
!tR (min)
!O 250 °C Mean (%)
|-
|CBD
|30.81
|62.02
|-
|Δ8-THC
|31.25
|3.57
|-
|Δ9-THC
|31.48
|16.09
|}

Equipment:

*A conventional oven (also called a regular oven or traditional oven).
*An oven thermometer.
*A plate.
*A timer.
*A razor blade.
*A small container.
*Label tape.

Procedure:

*Set the oven at 250 C.
*Place the oven thermometer on the plate.
*Make sure that the thermometer has reached exactly 250 C, otherwise you might have to raise the temperature on the oven slightly.
*Open the oven and put the CBD in the plate.
*Close the oven and wait until the temperature have raised to 250 C again. The CBD will melt.
*Set the timer on 32 minutes and be patient, to convert the CBD to cannabinoids (see the above table).
*Open the oven, take out the plate, and let it cool in room temperature.
*Scrape the cannabinoids from the plate with the razor blade.
*Transfer the cannabinoids to the container.
*Write the estimated strength on the label tape and attach it to the container.

===Professional recipe===

Product distribution of CBD at various temperatures in ''inert'' (I) atmosphere (requires [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air-free_technique air-free technique]).

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: auto; text-align: center;"
|-
!Compound
!tR (min)
!I 250 °C Mean (%)
|-
|CBD
|30.82
|48.20
|-
|Δ8-THC
|31.25
|4.94
|-
|Δ9-THC
|31.49
|33.94
|}

====Semi-inert atmosphere====
[[File:Ampoule pharmaceutique.JPG|thumb|Ampoules containing pharmaceutical products]]

Equipment:

*A conventional oven (also called a regular oven or traditional oven).
*An oven thermometer.
*a CONTAINER. Suggestions:
**An ]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampoule ampoule]: Because it is hermetically sealed, and that can withstand 205 C.
**A small keyring container (web search "titanium keyring capsule"). You might want to try if the silicone gasket ring can withstand heat by exposing the keyring empty at 250 C first. If it melts, then just remove the gasket ring and use the keyring container without it.
**A tiny spatula.
*Heat safetly gloves
*A timer.
*A razor blade.
*Label tape.

Procedure for semi-inert atmosphere:

*Set the oven at 250 C.
*Place the oven thermometer on the plate.
*Make sure that the thermometer has reached exactly 250 C, otherwise you might have to raise the temperature on the oven slightly.
*Fill the CONTAINER with CBD completely.
*Seal the container if you used an ampoule.
*Open the oven and put the CONTAINER on the plate.
*Close the oven and wait until the temperature have raised to 250 C again. The CBD will melt inside the container.
*Set the timer on 32 minutes and be patient, to convert the CBD to cannabinoids (see the above table).
*Open the oven, take out the plate.
*If you used a keyring container: Open the CONTAINER with the heat gloves while it is hot. Pour out the content from the CONTAINER with the spatula to the plate.
*Use isopropyl alcohol to rinse the residues of the content inside the CONTAINER. Let all isopropy evaoporate from the plate.
*Transfer the cannabinoids back to the CONTAINER or to another container.
*Write the estimated strength on the label tape and attach it to the container.

===Alternative conversions===
The below [[#Recipe|recipe]] may be used to convert the following phytocannabinnoids (without [https://cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/natural-products/Delta-8-THC-craze-concerns/99/i31 residual metals] found in related commercial CBD converted products like vape cartridges, gummies, etc):

*Cannabidiphorol (CBDP) to tetrahydrocannabiphorol (THCP) which is 30 times more potent than THC.
**CBDP is produced by decarboxylating CBDP acid (CBDPA).
*Cannabidihexol (CBDH) to tetrahydrocannabihexol (THCH) which is 25 times more potent than THC.
**CBDH is produced by decarboxylating CBDH acid (CBDHA).

==See also==

*[[Cannabis growing techniques]]

==External links==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_of_CBD_to_THC Conversion of CBD to THC (Wikipedia)]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/THC_production_by_yeast THC production by yeast (Wikipedia)]
*[https://patents.google.com/patent/US20190336521A1 Decarboxylated cannabis resins, uses thereof and methods of making same (Google Patents)]
*Cannabinoid acid synthase
**[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabidiolic_acid_synthase Cannabidiolic acid synthase]
**[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinolic_acid_synthase Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase (Wikipedia)]
*[https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00436# Cannabidiol as the Substrate in Acid-Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization]

[[category:Chemical synthesis]]
<references />

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