APICA

2NE1 (also known as APICA, and SDB-001) is a novel synthetic cannabinoid that produces modified cannabis-like effects when administered. It has been shown to act as a potent agonist for the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors.

The name "2NE1" appears to be a reference to the South Korean all-girl K-Pop group, a naming convention shared by the closely related chemical AKB48. In 2011, the two chemicals were first identified in Japan as a mixture in a product sold under the name "Fragrance Powder". 2NE1 has since been available for sale as a grey-area research chemical through online vendors.

Synthetic cannabinoids are commonly smoked or vaporized to achieve a quick onset of effects and rapid offset. There is little information available about the use of 2NE1 via other routes of administration, although as with other synthetic cannabinoids 2NE1 could be expected to be orally active when dissolved in a lipid, which may significant extend its duration. It is insoluble in water, but dissolves in ethanol and lipids.

Unlike cannabis, the chronic abuse of synthetic cannabinoids has been associated with multiple deaths and more dangerous side effects and toxicity in general. Therefore, it is strongly discouraged to take this substance for extended periods of time or in excessive doses. Adequate independent research and harm reduction practices are strongly advised if choosing to use this substance.

Chemistry

2NE1, or N-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1H-indole-3-carboxamide, is a synthetic indole cannabinoid. Like many synthetic cannabinoids, it can be considered to be composed of four linked structures: core, bridge, head, and tail. In 2NE1, the core indole group is substituted at R₁ with a pentyl chain tail and at R₃ with a carboxamide bridge linking to an adamantyl head.

2NE1 can be considered an analog of both AKB48, which features an indazole in place of 2NE1's indole group, and STS-135, in which the pentyl tail is further substituted with a terminal fluorine.

Pharmacology

2NE1 acts as a full agonist of the cannabinoid receptors, with similar potency at both CB1 and CB2. In vivo experiments measuring the response of rats to 2NE1 and similar drugs found that 2NE1 had similar potency to Δ9-THC and around a third the potency of JWH-018. In comparison to these other cannabinoids, 2NE1 appeared to elicit a longer duration of effect. Caution should be exercised in interpreting studies using animals, however, as effects may differ significantly in humans.

Pharmacological studies have reported EC₅₀ values of 6.89 ± 0.11nM at CB1 and 7.54 ± 0.11nM at CB2. It is likely that 2NE1 shares many of the in vivo properties of Δ9-THC. However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the cannabinoid high has yet to be scientifically validated.

In vivo metabolic studies on 2NE1 have shown that the drug is fully metabolized with none of the original compound detectable in urine. The major metabolites were mono- or dihydroxylated on the adamantyl ring system and monohydroxylated on the pentyl chain.

Subjective effects

Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWiki contributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.

It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.

Physical effects

• Spontaneous physical sensations - The "body high" of 2NE1 can be described as a sharp, uncomfortable, all-encompassing, and electric tingling sensation that spreads over the body after initial ingestion. It maintains a consistent presence that quickly rises with the onset and hits its limit once the peak has been reached before immediately dissipating.
• Motor control loss - This substance causes a partial to moderate suppression of motor control which intensifies proportional to dose, but rarely results in a complete inability to walk and perform basic movements.
• Appetite enhancement - As with many other cannabinoids, 2NE1 causes an increase in appetite, known colloquially as "the munchies" in popular American and United Kingdom culture. Clinical studies and survey data have found that cannabis increases food enjoyment and interest in food. This is thought to be due to the way in which endocannabinoids in the hypothalamus activate cannabinoid receptors that are responsible for maintaining food intake.
• Pain relief - Cannabinoids have been clinically demonstrated to provide pain relief via agonism of cannabinoid receptors CB₁ and CB₂, which extends to synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists.
• Perception of bodily heaviness or Perception of bodily lightness
• Changes in felt gravity
• Dehydration
• Dry mouth - This is known colloquially as "cotton mouth" in popular American and United Kingdom culture.
• Vasodilation

Cognitive effects

• Anxiety & Paranoia - In comparison to other cannabinoids, this compound is particularly prone to inducing feelings of anxiety and paranoia and it should therefore be avoided by people who are particularly prone to this state of mind.
• Emotionality enhancement
• Thought connectivity
• Thought deceleration
• Conceptual thinking
• Increased music appreciation
• Mindfulness
• Information processing suppression
• Dream suppression
• Psychosis - The prolonged usage of synthetic cannabinoids may increase one's disposition to psychosis, particularly in vulnerable individuals with risk factors for psychotic illnesses (like a past or family history of schizophrenia).

Auditory effects

• Enhancements
• Distortions

Experience reports

Anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our experience index include:

Toxicity and harm potential

Further information: Synthetic cannabinoid § Toxicity and harm potential, and Research chemicals § Toxicity and harm potential

The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 2NE1 use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dosage is unknown. This is because 2NE1 has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried 2NE1 within the community suggests that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this substance at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed).

It is advised that those with severe pre-existing mental conditions should not ingest these substances due to the way they strongly amplify one's current state of mind and emotions. Also, as with THC and cannabis, prolonged usage of synthetic cannabinoids including 2NE1 may increase one's disposition to mental illness and psychosis, particularly in vulnerable individuals with risk factors for psychotic illnesses (like a past or family history of schizophrenia).

As synthetic cannabinoids are active in the milligram range (with below 5mg being a common dose), it is important to use proper precautions when dosing to avoid a negative experience and injury to one self or others.

It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this substance.

Tolerance and addiction potential

As with other synthetic cannabinoids, the chronic use of 2NE1 can be considered moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and withdrawal effects may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.

Tolerance to many of the effects of 2NE1 develops with prolonged and repeated use. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about 3 - 7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 1 - 2 weeks to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 2NE1 presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all cannabinoids]], meaning that after the consumption of 2NE1 all cannabinoids will have a reduced effect.

Overdose

It has been reported that overdose on this substance will cause physical discomfort including heart palpitations, vertigo and sedation at much lower than dangerous doses, usually causing the user to suffer large amounts of anxiety and paranoia, or to fall asleep.

Legality

This legality section is a stub. As such, it may contain incomplete or wrong information. You can help by expanding it.

• United Kingdom - 2NE1 is a class B drug under the third-generation synthetic cannabinoids generic definition, which came into effect on the 14th December 2016 and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.
• China: As of October 2015 2NE1 is a controlled substance in China.

See also

• Responsible use
• Designer drug
• Synthetic cannabinoids
• AKB48
• STS-135
• JWH-018

External links

• APICA (Wikipedia)
• 2NE1 (N-adamantyl-1-pentylindole-3-carboxamide) Drug Info (Drugs-Forum)