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25I-NBOMe

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25I-NBOMe
The skeletal formula of 25I-NBOMe.
Dosage (sublingual)
Threshold 50 - 250 µg
Light 200 - 600 µg
Common 500 - 800 µg
Strong 700 - 1500 µg
Duration
Total duration 6 - 10 hrs
Onset / Initial effects 15 - 120 mins
Coming up 30 - 120 mins
Peak 2 - 4 hrs
Coming down 1 - 4 hrs
After effects 5 - 24 hrs

25I-NBOMe (2C-I-NBOMe) is a derivative of the substituted phenethylamine psychedelic 2C-I, discovered in 2003 by Ralf Heim at the Free University of Berlin,[1] and subsequently investigated by a team at Purdue University led by David Nichols.[2] The chemical had no history of human use prior to being sold online as a designer drug in 2010.

Chemistry

A comparison of 25I-NBOMe and 2C-I.

25I-NBOMe is a substituted phenethylamine with methoxy groups attached carbons R2 and R5 as well as an iodine molecule attached to carbon R4. It differs from 2C-I structurally through a substitution on the amine (NH2) with a 2-methoxybenzyl (BOMe) group as shown in the image to the right.

Pharmacology

25I-NBOMe is pharmacologically unique when compared to other psychedelics through its action on serotonin receptors. It is one of the only full agonists for the human 5-HT2A receptor receptor in existence.[3] In comparison, classical psychedelics such as LSD, DMT and psilocin can only be considered partial agonists. However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the psychedelic experience continues to remain elusive.

Subjective effects

The effects listed below are based upon the subjective effects index and personal experiences of PsychonautWiki contributors. The listed effects will rarely if ever occur all at once but heavier dosages will increase the chances and are more likely to induce a full range of effects.

Physical effects

The physical effects of 25I-NBOMe can be broken down into five components all of which progressively intensify proportional to dosage. These are described below and generally include:

  • Sublingual numbing - Assuming the substance has been taken sublingually, the very first physical effect which a person will notice immediately after sublingual absorption is a strong, unpleasant metallic chemical taste. This is accompanied by a very obvious feeling of general numbness of the tongue and mouth which can stay for up to an hour after the blotter paper has been consumed. This is the key difference when it comes to determining whether your blotter paper contains LSD or one of the NBOMe series.
  • Spontaneous tactile sensations - The "body high" itself can be described as a generally mild, all-encompassing, soft but euphoric tingling sensation. This tingling sensation is also accompanied by spontaneous rushes of euphoria that become longer and more drawn out proportional to the dosage consumed.
  • Decreased bodily weight - In terms of the body’s perceived weight, this substance consistently leaves people feeling extremely light, often to the point of total weightlessness.
  • Stimulation - In terms of its effects on the physical energy levels of the tripper 25I-NBOMe is usually considered to be very energetic and stimulating. For most people, this substance induces a unique type of physical stimulation which can be described as feeling extremely energetic but in a way which does not force the tripper to move unless they genuinely choose to do so. For others however, the stimulation can be quite uncontrollable, occasionally resulting in bodily shakes and a grinding of the teeth comparable to that of MDMA and traditional stimulants such as amphetamine.
  • Nausea - As the tripper begins to come up, nausea is not uncommon and can sometimes result in initial vomiting, but passes once this has either happened or the trip begins to fully set in. In comparison to other psychedelics such as psilocin, LSD, 2C-E and 2C-I, this could actually be very considered very mild in its intensity.
  • Vasoconstriction

Cognitive effects

The cognitive effects of 25I-NBOMe are described by many as remarkably light and underwhelming in comparison to the classical psychedelics. It is not uncommon for people to report feeling that their thought stream has maintained general normality in its specific style throughout low to moderate dosages. At high dosages however, mild to overwhelming cognitive alterations become present.

The most prominent of these cognitive effects generally include:

Visual effects

Enhancements

25I-NBOMe presents a full and complete array of possible visual enhancements which generally includes:

Distortions

The visual distortions and alterations which are experienced are detailed below:

Geometry

The visual geometry that is present throughout this trip is often said to be similar in appearance to that of LSD. They can be comprehensively described as algorithmic in geometric style, intricate in complexity, fine and zoomed out in detail, fast and smooth in motion, structured in shape, colourful in scheme, glossy in colour, sharp around the edges and equally angular as well as rounded across their corners. In comparison to other more commonly used psychedelics they can be described as significantly more intricate than the visual geometry found within 2C-I and most of the 2C-x family in general as well as completely on par with LSD, Psilocin and DMT at appropriately high dosages.

In terms of their behaviour, 25I-NBOMe’s geometry leads onto Level 8A visual geometry with Level 8B remaining so far unconfirmed within this substance. They also seem to consistently build up in visual intensity when the tripper stares at a central point. This eventually envelops the visual field and creates the sensation that the tripper has broken through into a continuously shifting geometric landscape or structure with a vast sense of immersive physical size attributed to it.

Hallucinatory states

25I-NBOMe is capable of producing a full range of hallucinatory states within the level 1 - 3 range extremely consistently. However, level 4 hallucinatory breakthroughs are reported but very uncommon and inconsistent in comparison to other more commonly used psychedelics such as psilocin, 2C-E and DMT.

These effects include:

  • External hallucinations (psychedelic)
  • Internal hallucinations (psychedelic) - This particular effect commonly contains hallucinations within scenarios, settings, concepts and autonomous entity contact. They are more common within dark environments and can be described as lucid in believability, interactive in style and almost exclusively of religious, spiritual, mystical or a transcendental nature in their overall theme.

Auditory effects

The auditory effects of 25I-NBOMe are common in their occurrence and exhibit a full range of effects which commonly includes:

Toxicity and harm potential

25I-NBOMe is a relatively new substance, and little is known about its pharmacological risks or its interaction with other substances. The lethal dosage has not yet been determined.[4] PsychonautWiki advises that due to 25I-NBOMe extreme potency it should not be insufflated as this method of administration appears to have led to several deaths in the past year.[5]

This substance came to media attention in early 2012 after a cluster of seven non-fatal overdoses with the drug were reported in or around Richmond, Virginia.[6][7] As of May 2013, 25I-NBOMe has reportedly led to five overdose deaths in the United States.[8] In June 2012, two teens in Grand Forks, North Dakota and East Grand Forks, Minnesota fatally overdosed on a substance that was allegedly 25I-NBOMe, resulting in lengthy sentences for two of the parties involved and a Federal indictment against the Texas based online vendor.[8]

A 21-year-old man from Little Rock, Arkansas died in October 2012 after taking a liquid drop of the drug nasally at a music festival. He was reported to have consumed caffeinated alcoholic beverages for "several hours" beforehand. It is unclear what other drugs he may have consumed, as autopsies generally do not test for the presence of research chemicals.[9]

A man in Australia died from injuries sustained by running into trees and power poles while intoxicated by 25I-NBOMe.[10]

Tolerance and addiction potential

In terms of its addictive potential, 25I-NBOMe has not been studied formally but due to its immediate tolerance build up, which lasts up to 2 - 3 weeks after the experience, it is difficult to use this substance compulsively.

  • Australia: Possession, production and sale is illegal.
  • Israel: Banned in 2012 [11]
  • Russia: Possession, production and sale is illegal.
  • UK: 25I-NBOMe is under a temporary class drug order, lasting one year from 10th June 2013.[12]
  • USA: On Nov 15, 2013, the DEA added 25I-NBOMe to Schedule I using their emergency scheduling powers, making it "temporarily" in Schedule I for 2 years. [13]
  • Romania: In 2011, Romania banned all psychoactive substances,[14] no matter what they really are.[15]

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Ralf Heim PhD. (2010-02-28) "Synthese und Pharmakologie potenter 5-HT2A-Rezeptoragonisten mit N-2-Methoxybenzyl-Partialstruktur. Entwicklung eines neuen Struktur-Wirkungskonzepts." | http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/diss/receive/FUDISS_thesis_000000001221 (in German). diss.fu-berlin.de. Retrieved 2013-05-10.
  2. ↑ Michael Robert Braden PhD. (2007). "Towards a biophysical understanding of hallucinogen action." | http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?Ver=1&Exp=01-23-2014&FMT=7&DID=1417800971&RQT=309&attempt=1&cfc=1 Purdue University. Retrieved 2012-08-08.
  3. ↑ Ettrup, A. E. A. ; Hansen, M.; Santini, M. A.; Paine, J.; Gillings, N.; Palner, M.; Lehel, S.; Herth, M. M.; Madsen, J. (2010). "Radiosynthesis and in vivo evaluation of a series of substituted 11C-phenethylamines as 5-HT2A agonist PET tracers". European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 38 (4): 681–693. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21174090
  4. ↑ "Fatalities / Deaths". Erowid. April 26 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2013. | http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/2ci_nbome/2ci_nbome_death.shtml
  5. ↑ http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/2ci_nbome/2ci_nbome.shtml/
  6. ↑ "Kids overdosing on new drug. Laura Geller, WWBT NBC12, Feb 18, 2012 | http://www.nbc12.com/story/16964534/kids-overdosing-on-new-drug
  7. ↑ New street drug causing concern among medics. Vanessa Araiza, WBRC, Feb 28, 2012 | http://www.wsfa.com/story/16977573/new-street-drug-causing-concern-among-medics
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 New drug N-bomb hits the street, terrifying parents, troubling cops | http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/new-synthetic-hallucinogen-n-bomb-killing-users-cops-article-1.1336327 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "NY Daily news" defined multiple times with different content
  9. ↑ 21-year-old dies after one drop of new synthetic drug at Voodoo Fest. Naomi Martin, NOLA, November 1, 2012 | http://www.nola.com/crime/index.ssf/2012/11/21-year-old_dies_after_one_dro.html#incart_m-rpt-2/
  10. ↑ New hallucinogenic drug 25B-NBOMe and 25I-NBOMe led to South Australian man's bizarre death | http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/new-hallucinogenic-drug-25b-nbome-and-25i-nbome-led-to-south-australian-mans-bizarre-death/story-e6frea83-1226472672220/
  11. ↑ http://www.health.gov.il/LegislationLibrary/25574413.pdf
  12. ↑ 'NBOMe' and 'Benzofury' banned | https://www.gov.uk/government/news/nbome-and-benzofury-to-be-banned/
  13. ↑ http://www.justice.gov/dea/divisions/hq/2013/hq111513.shtml
  14. ↑ http://drogriporter.hu/node/2211
  15. ↑ http://www.dreptonline.ro/legislatie/legea_194_2011_comba
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